Visual and non visual effects of light working environment and well being 1st Edition by Agnieszka Wolska, Dariusz Sawicki, Małgorzata Tafil Klawe ISBN 1000168107 9781000168105
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ISBN 10: 1000168107
ISBN 13: 978-1000168105
Author: Agnieszka Wolska, Dariusz Sawicki, Małgorzata Tafil Klawe
Visual and Non-Visual Effects of Light in the Working Environment and Well-Being (1st Edition) by Agnieszka Wolska, Dariusz Sawicki, and Małgorzata Tafil-Klawe is a comprehensive exploration of how light influences human health and performance, particularly in work settings. This book focuses on the intricate role that light plays not only in visual tasks but also in non-visual biological processes, such as circadian rhythms, mood, and overall well-being.
Key themes of the book include:
- Biological Effects of Light: The book discusses how different types of light impact both visual performance (e.g., clarity, color recognition) and non-visual physiological responses (e.g., regulation of sleep, alertness, and emotional well-being).
- Circadian Rhythms: It examines the critical role light plays in regulating the circadian rhythm, which affects sleep patterns, alertness, and cognitive function.
- Lighting Design for Health and Performance: Practical guidance is offered on how to design lighting that supports both visual performance and the non-visual needs of workers, fostering a healthier and more productive work environment.
- Lighting Technology: The book delves into various lighting technologies, including the use of LEDs, and discusses their effects on human health and well-being in occupational settings.
- Workplace Lighting and Well-Being: Special attention is given to lighting’s impact on workplace well-being, taking into consideration aspects such as color temperature, light intensity, and dynamic lighting schedules.
Visual and non visual effects of light working environment and well being 1st Table of contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Common Definitions of Light
1.2 Visual and Non-Visual Response to Light
1.3 Light and Circadian Rhythm
1.4 LED Lighting and Potential Health Hazard
1.5 New Idea of Lighting Design – Human-Centric Lighting (HCL)
1.6 What Is This Book About?
Chapter 2: The Biological Bases of Photoreception in the Process of Image Vision
2.1 Optics of the Eye – From the Pupil to the Retina
2.2 Photoreceptors
2.3 Cellular Organization of the Visual Pathways
- 2.3.1 Synaptic Connections – Photoreceptor Cells – Bipolar Cells
- 2.3.2 Synaptic Connections – Bipolar Cells – Horizontal Cells (Ribbon Synapse)
- 2.3.3 Synaptic Connections – Horizontal Cells
- 2.3.4 Synaptic Connections – The Cone Synapse
- 2.3.5 Synaptic Connections – The Role of Amacrine Cells
- 2.3.6 Synaptic Connections – From Rods and Cones to Ganglion Cells
2.4 Calculation of Color at the Level of Ganglion Cells
2.5 Higher Visual Processing
2.6 The Role of Purinergic Signaling in the Retina
2.7 Age-Related Changes in the Optics and Retina of the Eye - 2.7.1 Loss of Lens Elasticity – Loss of Accommodation
- 2.7.2 Lens Yellowing – Changes of Perceived Colors
- 2.7.3 Damage of Photoreceptor and Ganglion Cells
- 2.7.4 Structural Changes in the Optics
- 2.7.5 Disturbed Rod Pigment Regeneration
2.8 Summary
Chapter 3: The Biological Basis of Non-Image-Forming Vision
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Discovery, Function, and Diversity of Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs); Some Interactions with the Conventional Photoreceptors
3.3 Brain Regions Innervated by ipRGCs
3.4 Phototransduction by ipRGCs, Physiological Role of Melanopsin, Clinical Implications of Melanopsin Pathways
3.5 The Neurobiology of Circadian Rhythms – Do We Need Light?
3.6 The Alerting Effects of Light
3.7 Summary
Chapter 4: Lighting Quality and Well-Being
4.1 What Do We Mean by Lighting Quality and Well-Being?
- 4.1.1 Well-Being
- 4.1.2 Lighting Quality
- 4.1.3 Standardization Concerning Lighting Design
- 4.1.3.1 International/European Lighting Standards
- 4.1.3.2 Standard for Building Design
4.2 Lighting Intensity
4.3 Spatial Distribution of Light
- 4.3.1 Luminance Distribution
- 4.3.2 Discomfort Glare at Indoor Workplaces
4.4 Color Aspects - 4.4.1 Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) and Illuminance Level
- 4.4.2 Color Perception
4.5 Perception of Flicker and the Stroboscopic Effect
4.6 Summary
Chapter 5: Visual Performance
5.1 Visual Performance: Definition and Recommendations
5.2 Weber’s Fraction and Contrast
- 5.2.1 The Weber Fraction
- 5.2.2 Luminance Contrast
5.3 Contrast Sensitivity - 5.3.1 Contrast Sensitivity Function
- 5.3.2 Contrast Sensitivity and Suprathreshold Visibility
5.4 Visual Acuity
5.5 Relative Visual Performance (RVP)
5.6 The Lateral Inhibition Phenomenon
5.7 Flicker and Stroboscopic Effect as a Hazardous Problem of Performance - 5.7.1 Critical Fusion Frequency
5.8 Color Rendering - 5.8.1 Artificial Light Sources
- 5.8.2 Color Space
- 5.8.3 Color Rendering Index Ra
- 5.8.4 Color Fidelity Index Rf and Color Gamut Rg
5.9 Light Sources and Their Impact on Well-Being and Visual Performance - 5.9.1 Classification of Solid-State Light Sources
- 5.9.2 LEDs and Their Properties
- 5.9.2.1 LED Advantages
- 5.9.2.2 LED Disadvantages
5.10 Summary
Chapter 6: New Metrics for Circadian Lighting
6.1 Introduction
6.2 α-Opic Metrics
6.3 Circadian Light and Circadian Stimulus
6.4 Equivalent Melanopic Lux
6.5 Circadian Action Factor
6.6 Circadian Efficiency
6.7 Universal Illuminance
6.8 Relative Spectral Effectiveness (RSE)
6.9 Circadian Potency
6.10 Effective Watts and Melanopic-Photopic Ratios
6.11 Summary
Chapter 7: Lighting Design Taking into Account the Non-Visual Effects of Light
7.1 Living in Biological Darkness
7.2 What Do We Expect from Healthy Lighting?
7.3 Dynamic Lighting
- 7.3.1 Daylight Oriented – Horizontal Illuminance Controlled
- 7.3.2 Supporting Occupants’ Activity – Horizontal Illuminance Controlled
- 7.3.3 Diurnal Synchronization – Vertical (at the Eye) Illuminance Controlled
7.4 Lighting Design with Circadian Metrics - 7.4.1 Circadian Stimulus (CLA Model) in Lighting Design
- 7.4.1.1 Examples of Dynamic Lighting Schedules
- 7.4.1.2 Desktop Lighting for Delivering Circadian Stimulus
- 7.4.2 Equivalent Melanopic Lux in Lighting Design
- 7.4.3 Comparison of CS and EML
7.5 Summary
Chapter 8: The Biology of Shift Work and the Role of Lighting in the Workplace
8.1 Shift Work and Health
- 8.1.1 Shift Work Tolerance
- 8.1.2 Shift Work Disorder
8.2 Shift Work Lighting - 8.2.1 Dealing with Conflicting Visual and Non-Visual Needs
- 8.2.2 Lighting Protocols Supporting the Occupant’s Activity
- 8.2.2.1 Short-Term (Rotating) Night Shift Work
- 8.2.2.2 Rotating “Swing Shift” Night Work
- 8.2.2.3 Long-Term (Permanent) Night Shift Work
- 8.2.2.4 Circadian Stimulus in Designing Lighting for Shift Work
- 8.2.3 Practical Examples of Shift Work Lighting
- 8.2.3.1 Desktop Luminaire
- 8.2.3.2 Localized Luminaire
- 8.2.3.3 General Lighting
8.3 Summary
Chapter 9: Human-Centric/Integrative Lighting Design
9.1 The Philosophy of Human-Centric Lighting
9.2 General Guidelines
9.3 Visual Effects of Light
- 9.3.1 Standard Lighting Code-Based Design
- 9.3.2 Principles Beyond the Standard Lighting Codes
9.4 Non-Visual Effects of Light - 9.4.1 Circadian Lighting Guidelines
- 9.4.2 Cognitive and Creative Performance vs Some Lighting Aspects
9.5 Importance of Room Surface Reflectance and Color
9.6 Possible “Traps” in Lighting Assumptions - 9.6.1 CCT vs Spectral Power Distribution (SPD)
- 9.6.2 Cautious Exposure to Blue Light
- 9.6.3 Circadian Lighting and Glare
9.7 Estimated Benefits of Circadian Lighting for Employers
9.8 Summary
Chapter 10: Measurements and Assessment of Lighting Parameters and Measures of Non-Visual Effects of Light
10.1 Basic Classification
10.2 Periodic Fast-Changing Light Intensity over Time (Temporal Distribution)
- 10.2.1 Flicker Assessment
- 10.2.2 Stroboscopic Effect Assessment
10.3 Spatial Distribution of Luminance in the Field of View (Luminance Map)
10.4 Glare Assessment - 10.4.1 Subjective Assessment of Glare
- 10.4.2 Simulation Assessment of Glare
- 10.4.3 Objective Assessment of Glare at Indoor Workplaces
- 10.4.4 Uncertainty of UGR Determination
- 10.4.5 UGR Determination – the Problem of the Angular Size of Glare Sources
10.5 Spectral Power Distribution of Light (SPD) - 10.5.1 Spectroradiometric Method
- 10.5.2 Radiometric/Dosimetric Method
10.6 Measurement of Psychophysiological Response to Light - 10.6.1 Basic Assessment Methods
- 10.6.2 Brain Activity Recognition: EEG and fMRI
- 10.6.3 Light Impact on Alertness
- 10.6.4 Signals from Which Electrodes Should Be Considered in the Alertness Assessment
10.7 Summary
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Agnieszka Wolska,Dariusz Sawicki,Małgorzata Tafil Klawe,Visual,non visual,effects,light working,environment,well being 1st