Varieties of right wing extremism in Europe 1st Edition by Andrea Mammone ISBN 0415627192 9780415627191
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ISBN 10: 0415627192
ISBN 13: 9780415627191
Author: Andrea Mammone
Beginning with an analysis of the complex relationship between fascism and the post-war extreme right, the book discusses both contemporary parties and the cultural and intellectual influences of the European New Right as well as patterns of socialization and mobilization. It then analyses the effects of a range of factors on the ideological development of right-wing extremism including anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, religious extremism and the approach towards Europe (and the European Union).The final sections investigate a number of activist manifestations of the extreme right from youth participation and the white power music scene to transnational rallies, the Internet and football hooliganism. In the process, the book questions the notion that the contemporary extreme right is either completely novel or fully populist in character.
Drawing together a wide range of contributors, this is essential reading for all those with an interest in contemporary extremism and fascism. The book is a companion volume to Mapping the Extreme Right (Routledge, 2012) which has the same editors.
Varieties of right wing extremism in Europe 1st Table of contents:
Part I Fascism and post–war right–wing extremism
1 The European extreme right in comparative perspective
Theorizing fascism
The Front National
The British National Party
The Alleanza Nazionale (AN)
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
2 Two different realities notes on populism and the extreme right
Populism and the extreme right: two problematic concepts
Defining populism
The people
The elite
Defining the extreme right
Inegalitarianism
Nationalism
Extremism
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
3 The idées–force of the European New Right: a new paradigm?
Introduction
The self-definitions of the European New Right
Diagnosis
Aims and means
The NR’s worldview: the conception of man, nature and history
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
4 Fascism to the Nouvelle Droite: the quest for pan–European empire
Introduction
Right, left, Nouvelle Droite
A common link: an elitist, sovereign Europe
Fascism’s European identity: the fascist international
The centrality of European identity in early post-war fascism
The ND’s pan-European revisionism
The ND’s pan-Europeanism of many flags
Conclusion
References
5 Globalization, class crisis and the extreme right in France in the new century
Explaining the appeal of the FN — a structural and cultural analysis
The French extreme right under the Sarkozy presidency
Notes
References
Part II Mobilizing old and new passions
6 The European extreme right and religious extremism
Introduction
The marginalization of the Catholic fundamentalist movement
The Protestant faith and the extreme right
Is Paganism the new religious creed of the extreme right?
Is Islamism a fascism? Can Islamism be an ally of the extreme right?
Is there an extreme-right movement among religious/ethnic minorities in Europe?
Conclusion
Note
References
7 The French extreme right, anti–Semitism and anti–Zionism (1945–2009)
Before the Second World War: an anti-Semitic, pro-Zionist extreme right
The Algerian War and the Suez crisis: a turning point
The Six-Day War: the revenge for the loss of Algeria
The extreme right, anti-Semitism and Zionism in the post-9/11 era
Conclusion
Notes
References
8 Right–wing extremism and the integration of the European Union: electoral strategy trumps political ideology
From Europhilia to Euroscepticism
Political, economic and cultural indicators: an explanation
Political
Economic
Cultural
The Freiheitliche Partei Osterreichs
The Front National
Strategy beats ideology: investigating the impact of ideology, public opinion and party competition on the positioning of extreme-right parties towards the EU
Public opinion
Party competition
Conclusions
Notes
References
9 Islam at issue: anti–Islamic mobilization of the extreme right in Austria
Introduction
Uneven rise of anti-Islamic mobilization: structural opportunities
Stage 1 (until 1999): anti-Islamic rhetoric on the fringes
Stage 2 (until 2004/05): relatively low level of anti-Islamic contestation
Stage 3 (after 2005): strong anti-Islamic mobilization
European discursive opportunities
‘Islam is a threat’: racialized and exclusionary politicization
Problem diagnosis: religious and cultural alien
Problem solution: prohibition, denial of rights, and restrictions
Conclusions
Notes
References
Reference materials
Press releases
Party manifestos, electoral programmes and position papers
Parliamentary documents
Governmental document
Part III Inside the box: getting involved
10 The building of social representations of right–wing extremism
Social representations
Two processes help the building of social representations
Three levels are to be considered
Effects of group membership
The empirical data on the extreme right
Conclusion
Notes
References
11 Neo–fascists and Padans: the cultural and sociological basis of youth involvement in Italian extreme–right organizations
Extreme-right parties in contemporary Italy
The cultural bases of political involvement
The ideal society
The legendary narrative
The symbolical territory
Shared common experience as a (pre-)condition for the appropriation of partisan culture
Conclusions
Notes
References
12 Creating a European (neo–Nazi) movement by joint political action?
Performance and political action
International neo-Nazi rallies
Salem
Wunsiedel
Budapest
Transnational political action
Notes
References
Part IV Widening interests: music, internet, sport
13 The Italian extreme right and its use of the Internet: a ′bi–front′ actor?
Introduction
Data and methodology
Types of Italian extreme-right websites
The Internet as a medium for propaganda and ′activation′
Extreme-right virtual communities: a new technological tool for old messages?
Conclusions
Notes
References
14 ‘An intact environment is our foundation of life’: the Junge Nationaldemokraten, the Ring Freiheitlicher Jugend and the cyber–construction of nationalist landscapes
Blood and soil on the information superhighway
‘All humans have the right to a homeland’: the online environmental policies of the NPD, the JN, the FPÖ and the RFJ
‘Dedicated to the homeland’: visions from a virtual nationalist world
Note
References
15 Inside the extreme right: the ′White Power′ music scene
Introduction
Importance of extreme-right music and its origins
A key figure: Ian Stuart Donaldson
′White Pride′ worldwide
From England to Germany
Organizations from within the scene
International cross-links
Extreme-right music as a factor of socialization and mobilization
The lyrics affirm the self-assurance of the neo-Nazi and cultivate a collective identity (Corte and Edwards 2008)
′White Power′ music contributes to the socialization of the listeners
′White Power′ music is used by parties and organizations of the extreme right to mobilize their supporters
Excursus: concert mobilization in Germany
Excursus: mobilization by parties and the extreme-right movement in Germany
Profits
Conclusion
Notes
References
16 The Ultras: the extreme right in contemporary Italian football
The curve and the Ultras
Us and them: football and politics
Modernity and its discontents
Interpreting the Ultras
The romance of the local
The local and the global
The wretched of the earth?
Manipulated or innovative?
Attacking from the right
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