The Vein Book 1st Edition by John J Bergan ISBN 0123695155 9780123695154

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ISBN 10: 0123695155 
ISBN 13: 9780123695154
Author: John J Bergan

The Vein Book 1st Table of contents:

PART I: BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER 1: Historical Introduction
VENOUS ANATOMY
VESALIUS’S OMISSION I: VENOUS VALVES
VESALIUS’S OMISSION II: PERFORATING VEINS
THE RETURN OF THE VENOUS BLOOD
ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF VARICOSE VEINS
VENOUS THROMBOSIS
DIAGNOSIS OF VENOUS DISORDERS
COMPRESSION THERAPY
SCLEROTHERAPY
SURGERY OF SUPERFICIAL VEINS—THE DETRACTORS
SURGERY OF SUPERFICIAL VEINS—FORERUNNERS
MODERN SURGERY OF SUPERFICIAL VEINS
SAPHENOUS STRIPPING
BEYOND STRIPPING
ENDOVASCULAR TECHNIQUES
PERFORATING VEIN SURGERY
SURGERY OF THE DEEP VEINS
THROMBECTOMY
SURGERY OF VALVES
VENOUS ULCERS—WHY TO TREAT THEM
ULCER THERAPY
ADDENDA: THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PHLEBOLOGY (IUP)
References
CHAPTER 2: Venous Embryology and Anatomy
INTRODUCTION
EMBRYOLOGY
HISTOLOGY
ANATOMY OF THE THORACIC VEINS
ANATOMY OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY VEINS
ANATOMY OF THE ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC VEINS
ANATOMY OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY VEINS
References
CHAPTER 3: Epidemiology of Chronic Peripheral Venous Disease
INTRODUCTION
AGE AND CVPD
GENDER AND CPVD
ETHNICITY AND CPVD
CONCORDANCE OF VISIBLE AND FUNCTIONAL DISEASE
CONCORDANCE OF CPVD WITH EDEMA, SVT, AND DVT
RISK FACTORS FOR CPVD
SYMPTOMS AND CPVD
SYMPTOMS BY VISIBLE AND FUNCTIONAL DISEASE
SYMPTOM SPECIFICITY AND CPVD
QOL AND CPVD
SF-36 AND CPVD
CONCLUSIONS
References
CHAPTER 4: Venous Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology
ANATOMY
VENOUS PHYSIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
References
CHAPTER 5: Role of Physiologic Testing in Venous Disorders
BACKGROUND
PLETHYSMOGRAPHY
CONTINUOUS-WAVE VENOUS DOPPLER (CW DOPPLER)
ASSESSMENT OF THE DEEP AND SUPERFICIAL VENOUS SYSTEMS USING DUPLEX ULTRASOUND
References
CHAPTER 6: Inappropriate Leukocyte Activation in Venous Disease
INTRODUCTION
MECHANISMS OF ULCERATION
CONCLUSIONS
References
CHAPTER 7: Molecular Basis of Venous Insufficiency
INTRODUCTION
TISSUE RESTRUCTURING
EARLY MANIFESTATIONS OF INFLAMMATION
TISSUE REMODELING AND ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY
LEUKOCYTE ENTRAPMENT AND MOLECULAR ADHESION MECHANISMS
CYTOKINES
GROWTH FACTORS
TRIGGER MECHANISMS FOR CELL ACTIVATION
ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE AND MECHANOTRANSDUCTION MECHANISMS
PROTEASE ACTIVATION
GENETIC MECHANISMS
CONCLUSION
Acknowledgment
References
CHAPTER 8: Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Molecular Abnormalities and Ulcer Formation
INTRODUCTION
VARICOSE VEINS
ADVANCED CVI: LIPODERMATOSCLEROSIS And VENOUS ULCERS
References
CHAPTER 9: Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency
INTRODUCTION
VARICOSE VEIN FORMATION (MACROSPCOPIC ALTERATIONS)
HISTORICAL THEORIES
LEUKOCYTE ACTIVATION
ROLE OF LEUKOCYTE ACTIVATION AND FUNCTIONAL STATUS IN CVI
THE VENOUS MICROCIRCULATION
ENDOTHELIAL CELL CHARACTERISTICS
TYPES AND DISTRIBUTION OF LEUKOCYTES
EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) ALTERATIONS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF STASIS DERMATITIS AND DERMAL FIBROSIS
CYTOKINE REGULATION AND TISSUE FIBROSIS
DERMAL FIBROBLAST FUNCTION
ROLE OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES (MMPS) AND THEIR INHIBITORS IN CVI
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 10: Mechanism and Effects of Compression Therapy
INTERFACE PRESSURE
STIFFNESS
COMPRESSION MATERIAL
PERFORMANCE OF COMPRESSION MATERIALS
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COMPRESSION THERAPY
CLINICAL EFFECTS OF COMPRESSION THERAPY
References
CHAPTER 11: Classifying Venous Disease
PREVIOUS CLASSIFICATIONS OF CVD
THE CREATION OF THE CEAP CLASSIFICATION
REVISION OF CEAP
TERMINOLOGY AND NEW DEFINITIONS
REFINEMENT OF C-CLASSES IN CEAP
REFINEMENT OF E, A, AND P IN CEAP
DATE OF CLASSIFICATION
LEVEL OF INVESTIGATION
BASIC CEAP
REVISION OF CEAP: SUMMARY
REVISION OF CEAP—AN ONGOING PROCESS
Acknowledgment
References
PART II: PRIMARY SUPERFICIAL VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
CHAPTER 12: Risk Factors, Manifestations, and Clinical Examination of the Patient with Primary Venou
HEREDITY
PREGNANCY
AGING
THEORETICAL RISK FACTORS
VALVE REMODELING
SYMPTOMS OF PRIMARY VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
CLINICAL TESTING
Acknowledgment
References
CHAPTER 13: Sclerosing Solutions
GOALS OF SCLEROTHERAPY
RECANALIZATION OF THROMBOSED VESSELS
VOLUME DILUTION AND PATIENT POSITIONING
DILUTION BY DIFFUSION FROM INJECTION SITE
EFFECT OF POSITION ON VARICOSE GEOMETRY
TYPES OF SCLEROSANTS
THE PERFECT SCLEROSANT
DETERGENTS
HYPERTONIC AND IONIC SOLUTIONS
CELLULAR TOXINS
SUMMARY
Suggested Reading
CHAPTER 14: Sclerotherapy Treatment of Telangiectasias
INTRODUCTION
TELANGIECTASIA FROM RETICULAR VEINS
ISOLATED ARBORIZING WEBS
PRETREATMENT INSTRUCTIONS
FIRST TREATMENT TEST
TREATMENT PLAN
TECHNIQUE
EQUIPMENT
PATIENT PREPARATION
HAND POSITION
CANNULATION OF THE VESSEL
INJECTION OF SCLEROSANTS
COMPRESSION
TREATMENT INTERVALS
POOR RESPONSE TO TREATMENT
SUMMARY
References
CHAPTER 15: Complications and Adverse Sequelae of Sclerotherapy
POSTSCLEROTHERAPY HYPERPIGMENTATION
TELANGIECTATIC MATTING
CUTANEOUS NECROSIS
SYSTEMIC ALLERGIC REACTION OR TOXICITY
References
CHAPTER 16: Laser Treatment of Telangiectasias and Reticular Veins
INTRODUCTION
IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM
PATIENT SELECTION: WHEN AND HOW TO CHOOSE LASER/IPL VERSUS SCLEROTHERAPY
FUNDAMENTALS OF LASER TREATMENT OF LEG VEINS
TREATMENT APPROACH
LASER TREATMENT SYSTEMS
PULSED LASERS AND LIGHT SOURCES
INTENSE PULSED LIGHT
COMBINED LASER/RADIOFREQUENCY TECHNOLOGIES
ADMINISTERING LASER THERAPY
THE BENEFITS OF LASER THERAPY
ROLE OF COOLING AND OTHER ADVANCES IN LASER TECHNOLOGY
ADDRESSING THE COMMON PITFALLS IN LASER THERAPY
THE FUTURE OF LASER THERAPY
References
CHAPTER 17: Overview: Treatment of Venous Insufficiency
PRIMARY VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
SURGICAL TREATMENT
NEOVASCULARIZATION
NONSURGICAL TREATMENT
CHEMICAL VENOUS CLOSURE
References
CHAPTER 18: Ultrasound Examination of the Patient with Primary Venous Insufficiency
INTRODUCTION
EQUIPMENT
EXAMINATION
ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION
REFLUX
THE SAPHENO-FEMORAL JUNCTION
THE GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN
THE SMALL SAPHENOUS VEIN
PERFORATING VEINS
ULTRASOUND MAPPING OF VENOUS ULCERS
DEEP VEINS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
References
C APTER 19: Conventional Sclerotherapy versus Surgery for Varicose Veins
References
CHAPTER 20: Sclerotherapy and Ultrasound-Guided Sclerotherapy
SCLEROTHERAPY
HISTORY OF ULTRASOUNDGUIDED SCLEROTHERAPY (UGS)
PRETREATMENT ULTRASOUND MAPPING
TECHNIQUES OF ULTRASOUNDGUIDED SCLEROTHERAPY (UGS)
References
CHAPTER 21: Sclerofoam for Treatment of Varicose Veins
HISTORY AND BACKGROUND
WHAT IS SCLEROFOAM?
INJECTING SCLEROFOAM
VARICOSE PATTERNS WHEN CONSIDERING A SCLEROSING FOAM TREATMENT
ADVANTAGES OF SCLEROFOAM
HOW MUCH TO INJECT?
SIDE EFFECTS OF SCLEROFOAM
SCLEROFOAM WITH AND WITHOUT U.S. GUIDANCE
SCLEROFOAM FOR TRUNCAL VARICOSITIES
SCLEROFOAM FOR TRIBUTARIES
SCLEROFOAM FOR PERFORATORS
SCLEROFOAM FOR C4-C6 PATIENTS
SCLEROFOAM FOR RECURRENCES
SCLEROFOAM FOR RETICULAR AND SPIDER VEINS
SCLEROFOAM EXCEPT FOR THE LOWER LIMBS
CONTRAINDICATIONS OF SCLEROFOAM
PREREQUISITES FOR CARRYING OUT FOAM SCLEROTHERAPY
CONCLUSIONS
References
CHAPTER 22: Sclerosants in Microfoam: A New Approach in Angiology
INTRODUCTION
SAPHENOUS VEIN TREATMENT
HEMODYNAMIC FACTORS
FOLLOW-UP CARE
POST-TREATMENT EVOLUTION— PROXIMAL SCLEROSIS
INTRAVASCULAR EFFECT OF CIRCUMFERENTIAL COMPRESSION
SELECTIVE COMPRESSION
SAFETY MEASURES IN MICROFOAM SCLEROTHERAPY
LONG-TERM EVOLUTION— STABILITY OF OUTCOMES
References
CHAPTER 23: Ultrasound-Guided Catheter and Foam Therapy for Venous Insufficiency
INTRODUCTION
PRETREATMENT ASSESSMENT
EQUIPMENT
VENOUS REFLUX EXAMINATION AND VENOUS MAPPING
ULTRASOUND MONITORING DURING EVLT AND VNUS CLOSURE© OF THE GSV AND SSV
ULTRASOUND MONITORING DURING SCLEROFOAM ABLATION OF VARICOSE VEINS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 24: Principles of Treatment of Varicose Veins by Sclerotherapy and Surgery
References
CHAPTER 25: Inversion Stripping of the Saphenous Vein
PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION
SAPHENOUS SURGERY
OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
EPILOGUE
References
CHAPTER 26: Neovascularization: An Adverse Response to Proper Groin Dissection
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
NEOVASCULARIZATION: TODAY’S EVIDENCE
RESEARCH ON THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SAPHENOFEMORAL RECURRENCE AND THE ROLE OF NEOVASCULARIZATION
EFFORTS TO MITIGATE NEOVASCULARIZATION-RELATED RECURRENT REFLUX
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 27: Principles of Ambulatory Phlebectomy
INDICATIONS
PREOPERATIVE MAPPING
ANESTHESIA
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
POST-PROCEDURE ISSUES
COMPLICATIONS
STAGING OF SURGERY
AVOIDING NONTARGET TISSUES
TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS FROM NONSAPHENOUS ORIGINS
AP VERSUS POWERED PHLEBECTOMY
AP VERSUS COMPRESSION SCLEROTHERAPY
AP FOR OTHER AREAS OF THE BODY
OFFICE-BASED AP WITH TUMESCENT ANESTHESIA
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 28: Powered Phlebectomy in Surgery of Varicose Veins
PREMISE
INSTRUMENTATION
THE BEGINNING
INITIAL CLINICAL TRIAL AND TECHNIQUE
CLINICAL TRIAL AND TECHNIQUE DISCUSSION
CLINICAL TRIAL TECHNOLOGY ISSUES
SUMMARY OF INITIAL TRIAL
EARLY RESULTS AND EXPERIENCE
RESULTS
LESSONS LEARNED: THE TRIVEX MASTERS MEETING
TRIVEX II: NEW TECHNIQUE AND NEW TECHNOLOGY
SUMMARY OF PRESENT TECHNIQUE
DISCUSSION
SUMMARY
References
CHAPTER 29: Endovenous Laser (EVL) for Saphenous Vein Ablation
INTRODUCTION
MODE OF ACTION OF ENDOVENOUS LASER TREATMENT
PERFORMING ENDOVENOUS LASER
SELECTION OF PATIENTS
EFFECTIVENESS OF ENDOVENOUS LASER TREATMENT
COMPLICATIONS AND ADVERSE EVENTS
ENDOVENOUS LASER COMBINED WITH OTHER TECHNIQUES
CONCLUSION
Acknowledgment
References
CHAPTER 30: Effects of Different Laser Wavelengths on Treatment of Varices
INTRODUCTION
LASER BACKGROUND
LASERS USED IN EVLA
EVLA MODE OF ACTION
EVLA PROCEDURE
EVLA CLINICAL OUTCOMES BASED ON LASER WAVELENGTH
810 nm VS 980 nm: A RECENT REPORT
ONGOING RESEARCH BY THE AUTHOR
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 31: VNUS Closure of the Saphenous Vein
INTRODUCTION
TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT
PROCEDURE
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
ADDENDUM
References
CHAPTER 32: Treatment of Small Saphenous Vein Reflux
SURGICAL ANATOMY
SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS
SURGERY FOR SSV REFLUX
ENDOVENOUS TREATMENT FOR SSV REFLUX
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 33: Classification and Treatment of Recurrent Varicose Veins
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
DIAGNOSIS
CLASSIFICATION
TREATMENT
GUIDELINES FOR PROSPECTIVE STUDIES
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 34: Use of System-Specific Questionnaires and Determination of Quality of Life after Treatme
INTRODUCTION
SYSTEM-SPECIFIC QUESTIONNAIRES
PROBLEMS
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 35: Pelvic Congestion Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment
INTRODUCTION
ETIOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS
INVESTIGATIONS
TREATMENT
COMPARISON OF RESULTS OF COIL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF OVARIAN REFLUX
References
PART III: VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
CHAPTER 36: The Epidemiology of Venous Thromboembolism in the Community: Implications for Prevention
INTRODUCTION
THE INCIDENCE OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM
SURVIVAL AFTER DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM
VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM RECURRENCE
COMPLICATIONS OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
RISK FACTORS FOR VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
THE GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
References
CHAPTER 37; Fundamental Mechanisms in Venous Thrombosis
INFLAMMATION AND VENOUS THROMBOSIS
SELECTIN AND MICROPARTICLE BIOLOGY
THROMBOSIS RESOLUTION AND VEIN WALL FIBROSIS
References
CHAPTER 38: Congenital and Acquired Hypercoagulable Syndromes
INTRODUCTION
CONGENITAL VS. ACQUIRED HYPERCOAGULABLE STATES
THE CONGENITAL HYPERCOAGULABLE DISORDERS
ACQUIRED HYPERCOAGULABLE DISORDERS
CONCLUSION
Bibliography
CHAPTER 39: New Ways to Prevent Venous Thromboembolism: The Factor Xa Inhibitor Fondaparinux and the
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
FONDAPARINUX
XIMELAGATRAN/MELAGATRAN
CONCLUDING REMARKS
References
CHAPTER 40: Diagnosis of Deep Vein Thrombosis
BACKGROUND
DUPLEX ULTRASONOGRAPHY
D-DIMER
MAGNETIC RESONANCE VENOGRAPHY
COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHIC VENOGRAPHY
SUMMARY
References
CHAPTER 41: Thrombotic Risk Assessment: A Hybrid Approach
INTRODUCTION
POOR ADHERENCE TO PROPHYLAXIS GUIDELINES
SUBOPTIMAL PROPHYLAXIS IN ACTION
UNDERUSE OF PROPHYLAXIS—WHY IS THERE A PROBLEM?
MATCHING RISK WITH PROPHYLACTIC STRATEGY
LINKING THERAPY AND RISK
SUMMARY
References
CHAPTER 42: Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in the General Surgical Patient
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
RISK FACTORS FOR VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM
VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM PROPHYLAXIS
RISK STRATIFICATION
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 43: Conventional Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis
INTRODUCTION
UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN THERAPY
COMPLICATIONS OF HEPARIN THERAPY
LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARIN (LMWH) FOR THE INITIAL TREATMENT OF VTE
ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY: WARFARINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (VITAMIN K ANTAGONISTS)
PHARMACOLOGY
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS
References
CHAPTER 44: The Diagnosis and Management of Heparin- Induced Thrombocytopenia
INTRODUCTION
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
LABORATORY TESTING FOR HIT ANTIBODIES
TREATMENT
ALTERNATIVE NONHEPARIN ANTICOAGULANTS
References
CHAPTER 45: Operative Venous Thrombectomy
INTRODUCTION
RESULTS OF OPERATIVE VENOUS THROMBECTOMY
TECHNIQUE
DISCUSSION
References
CHAPTER 46: Permanent Vena Cava Filters: Indications, Filter Types, and Results
INTRODUCTION
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF CAVAL INTERRUPTION
THE IDEAL CAVAL FILTER
INDICATION AND CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR CAVAL FILTER INSERTION
PROPHYLACTIC CAVAL FILTER INSERTION IN TRAUMA PATIENTS
PROPHYLACTIC CAVAL INSERTION IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANCY
CAVAL FILTER INSERTION IN SEPTIC PATIENTS
CAVAL FILTER INSERTION DURING PREGNANCY
THE RESULTS OF IVC FILTER TRIALS
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR IVC FILTER INSERTION
OTHER IMAGING MODALITIES FOR IVC FILTER INSERTION
USE OF SUBCLAVIAN VEIN FOR INFERIOR VENA CAVA FILTER INSERTION
SUPRARENAL IVC FILTER PLACEMENT
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA FILTER INSERTION
FILTER PLACEMENT IN OVERSIZED IVCS
AVAILABLE CAVAL FILTER DEVICES
COMPARISON OF VARIOUS PERMANENT IVC FILTER DEVICES
FOLLOW-UP AFTER IVC FILTERS
CONCLUSIONS
References
CHAPTER 47: Complications of Vena Cava Filters
BACKGROUND
THROMBOTIC COMPLICATIONS
INSERTION SITE COMPLICATIONS
DEPLOYMENT COMPLICATIONS
DEVICE COMPLICATIONS
MIGRATION
EXTRUSION
RETRIEVAL COMPLICATIONS
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
References
CHAPTER 48: Temporary Filters and Prophylactic Indications
THE RATIONALE BEHIND THE USE OF TEMPORARY OR RETRIEVABLE VCFs
CURRENTLY AVAILABLE TEMPORARY OR RETRIEVABLE VENA CAVA FILTERS
PROBLEMS WITH CURRENT RETRIEVABLE VENA CAVA FILTERS
PROPHYLACTIC INDICATIONS: CRITICAL APPRAISAL
CHANGES IN REFERRAL PATTERNS AND SPECIALIST PERFORMING THE PROCEDURE
LACK OF ADEQUATE EVIDENCE ON WHICH TO BASE DECISIONS REGARDING VCF USE
ISSUES WITH INDIVIDUAL PROPHYLACTIC INDICATIONS
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
References
CHAPTER 49: Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Venous Thrombosis
INTRODUCTION
UNDERSTANDING POSTTHROMBOTIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
BENEFITS OF THROMBUS REMOVAL
INTRATHROMBUS CATHETER-DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS
PATIENT EVALUATION AND TECHNIQUE OF CATHETER-DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS
ADJUNCTIVE TECHNIQUES TO CATHETER-DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS
References
CHAPTER 50: Percutaneous Mechanical Thrombectomy in the Treatment of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis
INTRODUCTION
TECHNIQUE
DEVICES
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 51: Mechanical Thrombectomy and Thrombolysis for Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS
COMPLICATIONS AND POSTTHROMBOTIC SYNDROME
SURGICAL THROMBECTOMY
THROMBOLYSIS
PERCUTANEOUS MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY (PMT)
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 52: Diagnosis and Management of Primary Axillo-Subclavian Venous Thrombosis
BACKGROUND AND HISTORY
THE ANATOMY OF THE THORACIC OUTLET
PRESENTATION
DIAGNOSIS
VENOGRAPHY
TREATMENT
TREATMENT FOLLOWING THROMBOLYSIS
TIMING OF OPERATIVE THERAPY
OPERATION
INTERMITTENT COMPRESSION OF THE AXILLO-SUBCLAVIAN VEIN
THE ISSUE OF THE CONTRALATERAL VEIN
RESULTS OF TREATMENT
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 53: Subclavian Vein Obstruction: Techniques for Repair and Bypass
ETIOLOGY
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
References
PART IV: CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY
CHAPTER 54: The Primary Cause of Chronic Venous Insufficiency
BACKGROUND
EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES
COHORT STUDIES
MANAGEMENT OF C4–C6 PATIENTS
INDICATIONS
GUIDELINES FOR PROSPECTIVE STUDIES
CONCLUSIONS
References
CHAPTER 55: Conventional Surgery for Chronic Venous Insufficiency
INTRODUCTION
PRESENTATION OF PATIENTS WITH CVI
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING FOR PATIENTS WITH CVI
INDICATIONS FOR INTERVENTION
CONVENTIONAL SURGICAL PROCEDURES FOR CORRECTION OF CVI
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 56: Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Vein Surgery (SEPS) for Chronic Venous Insufficiency
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
RESULTS OF SEPS
CONCLUSIONS
References
CHAPTER 57: Ultrasound-Guided Sclerotherapy (USGS) of Perforating Veins in Chronic Venous Insufficie
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
PREOPERATIVE DUPLEX
TECHNIQUE
POSTOPERATIVE CARE
RESULTS
COMPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 58: Perforating Veins
INTRODUCTION
PREULCERATIVE CUTANEOUS CHANGES
A NEW HYPOTHESIS
EXIT AND REENTRY PERFORATING VEINS
CONCLUSIONS
References
CHAPTER 59: Importance, Etiology, and Diagnosis of Chronic Proximal Venous Outflow Obstruction
CHRONIC THROMBOTIC OBSTRUCTION
NONTHROMBOTIC, NONMALIGNANT, PRIMARY OBSTRUCTION
INTRALUMINAL LESIONS
ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
MISCELLANEOUS ETIOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS OF VENOUS OBSTRUCTION
ROLE OF TRANSFEMORAL VENOGRAM
ROLE OF INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND (IVUS)
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
References
CHAPTER 60: Treatment of Iliac Venous Obstruction in Chronic Venous Disease
OPEN SURGICAL RECONSTRUCTION
THE CROSS-OVER BYPASS
THE IN-LINE BYPASS
STENTING OF THE ILIO-FEMORAL VEIN
STENT PATENCY OF MIXEDETIOLOGY GROUPS
STENTING OF CHRONIC NONMALIGNANT OBSTRUCTION
CLINICAL OUTCOME AFTER STENTING
ENDOVASCULAR TECHNIQUE
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 61: Endovenous Management of Iliocaval Occlusion
INTRODUCTION
EVOLUTION OF ENDOVENOUS THERAPY
ANGIOPLASTY
METALLIC STENTS
THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY
MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF ILIOCAVAL OBSTRUCTION
THE ENDOVENOUS PROCEDURE FOR ILIOCAVAL RECONSTRUCTION
CONCLUSIONS
References
CHAPTER 62: Popliteal Vein Entrapment
INCIDENCE
CLINICAL FEATURES
INVESTIGATIONS
PATHOLOGY
SURGICAL TREATMENT
CLINICAL RESULTS
References
CHAPTER 63: Valvuloplasty in Primary Venous Insufficiency: Development, Performance, and Long-Term R
THE FIRST VALVE REPAIR
BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE OF NONTHROMBOTIC REFLUX DEEP VEIN DISEASE
TREATMENT OF DEEP VEIN REFLUX PRIOR TO 1968
EARLY INFLUENCE OF VALVULOPLASTY UPON THE STUDY OF VENOUS DISEASE
PATHOLOGIC CHANGES OF FEMORALPOPLITEAL VALVES
DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY INCOMPETENT VALVES
SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ARISING FROM DEEP VEIN REFLUX PATTERNS
CLINICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EXPERIENCE OF DEEP VEIN VALVE REPAIR
INFLUENCE EXERTED BY THESE MULTIPLE REPORTS
INFLUENCE OF DEEP REPAIR ON MANAGEMENT OF CVD
SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN REPAIR OF PRIMARY DEEP VEIN REFLUX DISEASE
PUBLISHED RESULTS OF PRIMARY DEEP VEIN VALVE REPAIR
PERSPECTIVE ON THE VALUE OF SURGICAL REPAIR IN DEEP VEIN VALVES
COMPLICATIONS OF DEEP VENOUS VALVE REPAIR
CONCLUSION
References
CHAPTER 64: Prosthetic Venous Valves
INTRODUCTION
DATA
CONCLUSIONS
References
CHAPTER 65: Post-Thrombotic Syndrome: Clinical Features, Pathology, and Treatment
CLINICAL FEATURES
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

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