The Michigan State Constitution 1st Edition by Susan P Fino ISBN 0199779082 9780199779086

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ISBN 10: 0199779082 
ISBN 13: 9780199779086
Author: Susan P Fino

The Michigan State Constitution 1st Table of contents:

PART ONE: The History of the Michigan Constitution
Introduction
The Michigan Constitution in a Comparative Perspective
Constitutional Beginnings
Constitutional Revision: 1850
In the Wake of the Civil War
Constitutional Change for the Twentieth Century
The Introduction of Direct Democracy
Amendments to the Constitution of 1908
Attempts at Revision
The 1961–1962 Constitutional Convention
The Michigan Constitution of 1963
PART TWO: The Michigan Constitution and Commentary
Preamble
Article I: The Declaration of Rights
Section 1. Political Power
Section 2. Equal Protection; Discrimination
Section 3. Assembly, Consultation, Instruction, Petition
Section 4. Freedom of Worship and Religious Belief; Appropriations
Section 5. Freedom of Speech and of Press
Section 6. Bearing of Arms
Section 7. Military Power Subordinate to Civil Power
Section 8. Quartering of Soldiers
Section 9. Slavery and Involuntary Servitude
Section 10. Attainder; Ex Post Facto Laws; Impairment of Contracts
Section 11. Searches and Seizures
Section 12. Habeas Corpus
Section 13. Conduct of Suits in Person or by Counsel
Section 14. Jury Trials
Section 15. Double Jeopardy; Bailable Offenses; Commencement of Trial if Bail Denied; Bail Hearing;
Section 16. Bail; Fines; Punishments; Detention of Witnesses
Section 17. Self-Incrimination; Due Process of Law; Fair Treatment at Investigations
Section 18. Witnesses; Competency, Religious Beliefs
Section 19. Libels, Truth as Defense
Section 20. Rights of Accused in Criminal Proceedings
Section 21. Imprisonment for Debt
Section 22. Treason; Definition, Evidence
Section 23. Enumeration of Rights Not to Deny Others
Section 24. Rights of Crime Victims; Enforcement; Assessment against Convicted Defendants
Article II: Elections
Section 1. Qualifications of Electors; Residence
Section 2. Mental Incompetence; Imprisonment
Section 3. Presidential Electors; Residence
Section 4. Place and Manner of Elections
Section 5. Time of Elections
Section 6. Voters on Tax Limit Increases or Bond Issues
Section 7. Boards of Canvassers
Section 8. Recalls
Section 9. Initiative and Referendum; Limitations; Appropriations; Petitions
Section 10. Limitations on Terms of Office of Members of the United States House of Representatives
Article III: General Government
Section 1. Seat of Government
Section 2. Separation of Powers of Government
Section 3. Great Seal
Section 4. Militia
Section 5. Intergovernmental Agreements; Service by Public Officers and Employees
Section 6. Internal Improvements
Section 7. Common Law and Statutes, Continuance
Section 8. Opinions on Constitutionality by Supreme Court
Article IV: Legislative Branch
Section 1. Legislative Power
Section 2. Senators, Number, Term
Section 3. Representatives, Number, Term; Contiguity of Districts
Section 4. Annexation or Merger with a City
Section 5. Island Areas, Contiguity
Section 6. Commission on Legislative Apportionment
Section 7. Legislators; Qualifications, Removal from District
Section 8. Ineligibility of Government Officers and Employees
Section 9. Civil Appointments, Ineligibility of Legislators
Section 10. Legislators and State Officers, Government Contracts, Conflict of Interest
Section 11. Legislators Privileged from Civil Arrest and Civil Process; Limitation; Questioning for
Section 12. State Officers Compensation Commission
Section 13. Legislature; Time of Convening, Sine Die Adjournment, Measures Carried over
Section 14. Quorum; Powers of Less than Quorum
Section 15. Legislative Council
Section 16. Legislature; Officers, Rules of Procedure, Expulsion of Members
Section 17. Committees; Record of Votes, Public Inspection, Notice of Hearings
Section 18. Journal of Proceedings; Record of Votes, Dissents
Section 19. Record of Votes on Elections and Advice and Consent
Section 20. Open Meetings
Section 21. Adjournments, Limitations
Section 22. Bills
Section 23. Style of Laws
Section 24. Laws; Object, Title, Amendments Changing Purpose
Section 25. Revision and Amendment of Laws; Title References, Publication of Entire Sections
Section 26. Bills; Printing, Possession, Reading, Vote on Passage
Section 27. Laws, Effective Date
Section 28. Bills, Subjects at Special Session
Section 29. Local or Special Acts
Section 30. Appropriations; Local or Private Purposes
Section 31. General Appropriation Bills; Priority, Statement of Estimated Revenue
Section 32. Laws Imposing Taxes
Section 33. Bills Passed; Approval by Governor or Veto, Reconsideration by Legislature
Section 34. Bills, Referendum
Section 35. Publication and Distribution of Laws and Judicial Decisions
Section 36. General Revision of Laws; Compilation of Laws
Section 37. Administrative Rules, Suspension by Legislative Committee
Section 38. Vacancies in Office
Section 39. Continuity of Government in Emergencies
Section 40. Alcoholic Beverages; Age Requirement; Liquor Control Commission; Excise Tax; Local Optio
Section 41. Lotteries
Section 42. Ports and Port Districts; Incorporation, Internal
Section 43. Bank and Trust Company Laws
Section 44. Trial by Jury in Civil Cases
Section 45. Indeterminate Sentences
Section 46. Death Penalty
Section 47. Chaplains in State Institutions
Section 48. Disputes Concerning Public Employees
Section 49. Hours and Conditions of Employment
Section 50. Atomic and New Forms of Energy
Section 51. Public Health and General Welfare
Section 52. Natural Resources; Conservation, Pollution, Impairment, Destruction
Section 53. Auditor General; Appointment, Qualifications, Term, Removal, Post Audits
Section 54. Limitations on Terms of Office of State Legislators
Article V: Executive Branch
Section 1. Executive Power
Section 2. Principal Departments
Section 3. Single Heads of Departments; Appointment, Term
Section 4. Commissions or Agencies for Less Th an Two Years
Section 5. Examining or Licensing Board Members, Qualifications
Section 6. Advice and Consent to Appointments
Section 7. Vacancies in Office; Filling, Senatorial Disapproval of Appointees
Section 8. Principal Departments, Supervision of Governor; Information from State Officers
Section 9. Principal Departments, Location
Section 10. Removal or Suspension of Officers; Grounds, Report
Section 11. Provisional Appointments to Fill Vacancies due to Suspension
Section 12. Military Powers
Section 13. Elections to Fill Vacancies in Legislature
Section 14. Reprieves, Commutations and Pardons
Section 15. Extra Sessions of Legislature
Section 16. Legislature Other Than at Seat of Government
Section 17. Messages and Recommendations to Legislature
Section 18. Budget; General and Deficiency Appropriation Bills
Section 19. Disapproval of Items in Appropriation Bills
Section 20. Reductions in Expenditures
Section 21. State Elective Executive Officers; Term, Election
Section 22. Governor and Lieutenant Governor, Qualifications
Section 23. State Elective Executive Officers, Compensation
Section 24. Executive Residence
Section 25. Lieutenant Governor; President of the Senate, Tie Vote, Duties
Section 26. Succession to Governorship
Section 27. Salary of Successor
Section 28. State Transportation Commission; Establishment; Purpose; Appointment, Qualifications, an
Section 29. Civil Rights Commission; Members, Term, Duties, Appropriation
Section 30. Limitations on Terms of Executive Officers
Article VI: Judicial Branch
Section 1. Judicial Power in Court of Justice; Divisions
Section 2. Justices of the Supreme Court; Number, Term, Nomination, Election
Section 3. Chief Justice; Court Administrator; Other Assistants
Section 4. General Superintending Control over Courts; Writs; Appellate Jurisdiction
Section 5. Court Rules; Distinctions between Law and Equity; Master in Chancery
Section 6. Decisions and Dissents; Writing, Contents
Section 7. Staff; Budget; Salaries of Justices; Fees
Section 8. Court of Appeals; Election of Judges, Divisions
Section 9. Judges of Court of Appeals, Terms
Section 10. Jurisdiction, Practice and Procedure of Court of Appeals
Section 11. Circuit Courts; Judicial Circuits, Sessions, Number of Judges
Section 12. Circuit Judges; Nomination, Election, Term
Section 13. Circuit Courts; Jurisdiction, Writs, Supervisory Control over Inferior Courts
Section 14. County Clerks; Duties, Vacancies; Prosecuting Attorneys, Vacancies
Section 15. Probate Courts; Districts, Jurisdiction
Section 16. Probate Judges; Nomination, Election, Terms
Section 17. Judicial Salaries and Fees
Section 18. Salaries; Uniformity, Changes during Term
Section 19. Courts of Record; Seal, Qualifications of Judges
Section 20. Removal of Domicile of Judge
Section 21. Ineligibility for Other Office
Section 22. Incumbent Judges, Affidavit of Candidacy
Section 23. Judicial Vacancies, Filling; Appointee, Term; Successor; New Offices
Section 24. Incumbent Judges, Ballot Designation
Section 25. Removal of Judges from Office
Section 26. Circuit Court Commissioners and Justices of the Peace, Abolition; Courts of Limited Juri
Section 27. Power of Appointment to Public Office
Section 28. Administrative Action, Review
Section 29. Conservators of the Peace
Section 30. Judicial Tenure Commission; Selection; Terms; Duties; Power of Supreme Court
Article VII: Local Government
Section 1. Counties; Corporate Character, Powers and Immunities
Section 2. County Charters
Section 3. Reduction of Size of County
Section 4. County Officers; Terms, Combination
Section 5. Offices at County Seat
Section 6. Sheriffs; Security, Responsibility for Acts, Ineligibility for Other Office
Section 7. Boards of Supervisors; Members
Section 8. Legislative, Administrative, and Other Powers and Duties of Boards
Section 9. Compensation of County Officers
Section 10. Removal of County Seat
Section 11. Indebtedness, Limitation
Section 12. Navigable Streams, Permission to Bridge or Dam
Section 13. Consolidation of Counties, Approval by Electors
Section 14. Organization and Consolidation of Townships
Section 15. County Intervention in Public Utility Service and Rate Proceedings
Section 16. Highways, Bridges, Culverts, Airports; Road Tax Limitation
Section 17. Townships; Corporate Character, Powers and Immunities
Section 18. Township Officers; Term, Powers and Duties
Section 19. Township Public Utility Franchises
Section 20. Townships, Dissolution; Villages as Cities
Section 21. Cities and Villages; Incorporation, Taxes, Indebtedness
Section 22. Charters, Resolutions, Ordinances; Enumeration of Powers
Section 23. Parks, Boulevards, Cemeteries, Hospitals
Section 24. Public Service Facilities
Section 25. Public Utilities; Acquisition, Franchises, Sale
Section 26. Cities and Villages, Loan of Credit
Section 27. Metropolitan Governments and Authorities
Section 28. Governmental Functions and Powers; Joint Administration, Costs and Credits, Transfers
Section 29. Highways, Streets, Alleys, Public Places; Control, Use by Public Utilities
Section 30. Franchises and Licenses, Duration
Section 31. Vacation or Alteration of Roads, Streets, Alleys, Public Places
Section 32. Budgets, Public Hearing
Section 33. Removal of Elected Officers
Section 34. Construction of Constitution and Law Concerning Counties, Townships, Cities, Villages
Article VIII: Education
Section 1. Encouragement of Education
Section 2. Free Public Elementary and Secondary Schools; Discrimination
Section 3. State Board of Education; Duties
Section 4. Higher Education Institutions; Appropriations, Accounting, Public Sessions of Boards
Section 5. University of Michigan, Michigan State University, Wayne State University; Controlling Bo
Section 6. Other Institutions of Higher Education, Controlling Boards
Section 7. Community and Junior Colleges; State Board, Members, Terms, Vacancies
Section 8. Services for Handicapped Persons
Section 9. Public Libraries, Fines
Article IX: Finance and Taxation
Section 1. Taxes for State Expenses
Section 2. Power of Taxation, Relinquishment
Section 3. Property Taxation; Uniformity; Assessments; Limitations; Classes; Approval of Legislature
Section 4. Exemption of Religious or Educational Nonprofit Organizations
Section 5. Assessment of Property of Public Service Businesses
Section 6. Real and Tangible Personal Property; Limitation on General Ad Valorem Taxes; Adoption and
Section 7. Income Tax
Section 8. Sales and Use Taxes
Section 9. Use of Specific Taxes on Fuels for Transportation Purposes; Authorization of Indebtedness
Section 10. Sales Tax; Distribution to Local Governments
Section 11. State School Aid Fund; Source; Distribution; Guarantee to Local School District
Section 12. Evidence of State Indebtedness
Section 13. Public Bodies, Borrowing Power
Section 14. State Borrowing; Short Term
Section 15. Long-Term Borrowing by State
Section 16. State Loans to School Districts
Section 17. Payments from State Treasury
Section 18. State Credit
Section 19. Subscription to or Interest in Stock by State Prohibited; Exceptions
Section 20. Deposit of State Money in Certain Financial Institutions; Requirements
Section 21. Accounting for Public Moneys
Section 22. Examination and Adjustment of Claims against State
Section 23. Financial Records; Statement of Revenues and Expenditures
Section 24. Public Pension Plans and Retirement Systems, Obligation
Section 25. Voter Approval of Increased Local Taxes; Prohibitions; Emergency Conditions; Repayment o
Section 26. Limitation on Taxes; Revenue Limit; Refunding or Transferring Excess Revenues; Exception
Section 27. Exceeding Revenue Limit; Conditions
Section 28. Limitation on Expenses of State Government
Section 29. State Financing of Activities or Services Required of Local Government by State Law
Section 30. Reduction of State Spending Paid to Units of Local Government
Section 31. Levying Tax or Increasing Rate of Existing Tax; Maximum Tax Rate on New Base; Increase i
Section 32. Suit to Enforce Sections 25 to 31
Section 33. Definitions Applicable to Sections 25 to 32
Section 34. Implementation of Sections 25 to 33
Section 35. Michigan Natural Resources Trust Fund
Section 36. Tax on Tobacco Products; Dedication of Proceeds
Section 36[1]. Michigan State Parks Endowment Fund
Article X: Property
Section 1. Disabilities of Coverture Abolished; Separate Property of Wife; Dower
Section 2. Eminent Domain; Compensation
Section 3. Homestead and Personalty, Exemption from Process
Section 4. Escheats
Section 5. State Lands
Section 6. Resident Aliens, Property Rights
Article XI: Public Officers and Employment
Section 1. Oath of Public Officers
Section 2. Terms of Office of State and County Officers
Section 3. Extra Compensation
Section 4. Custodian of Public Moneys; Eligibility to Office, Accounting
Section 5. Classified State Civil Service; Scope; Exempted Positions; Appointment and Terms of Membe
Section 6. Merit Systems for Local Governments
Section 7. Impeachment of Civil Officers
Article XII: Amendment and Revision
Section 1. Amendment by Legislative Proposal and Vote of Electors
Section 2. Amendment by Petition and Vote of Electors
Section 3. General Revision of Constitution; Submission of Question, Convention of Delegates and Mee
Section 4. Severability
Schedule and Temporary Provisions
Section 1. Recommendations by Attorney General for Changes in Laws
Section 2. Existing Public and Private Rights, Continuance
Section 3. Officers, Continuance in Office
Section 4. Officers Elected in Spring of 1963, Term
Section 5. State Elective Executive Officers and Senators, Two-and Four-Year Terms
Section 6. Supreme Court, Reduction to Seven Justices
Section 7. Judges of Probate, Eligibility for Re-election
Section 8. Judicial Officers, Staggered Terms
Section 9. State Board of Education; First Election, Terms
Section 10. Boards Controlling Higher Education Institutions and State Board of Public Community and
Section 11. Michigan State University Trustees and Wayne State University Governors, Terms
Section 12. Initial Allocation of Departments by Law or Executive Order
Section 13. State Contracts, Continuance
Section 14. Mackinac Bridge Authority; Refunding of Bonds, Transfer of Functions to Highway Departme
Section 15. Submission of Constitution; Time, Notice
Section 16. Voters, Ballots, Effective Date

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