Standards and Expectancies 1st edition by Monica Biernat 1841690686 9781841690681

Standards and Expectancies 1st Edition by Monica Biernat – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 1841690686, 9781841690681

Full download Standards and Expectancies 1st Edition after payment

Product details:

ISBN 10: 1841690686
ISBN 13: 9781841690681
Author: Monica Biernat

This book examines how standards and expectancies affect judgments of others and the self. Standards are points of comparison, expectancies are beliefs about the future, and both serve as frames of reference against which current events and people (including the self) are experienced. The central theme of the book is that judgments can be characterized as either assimilative or contrastive in nature. Assimilation occurs when the target of evaluation (another person, the self) is pulled toward or judged consistently with the standard or expectation, and contrast occurs when the target is differentiated from (judged in a direction opposite) the comparative frame. The book considers factors that determine whether assimilation versus contrast occurs, and focuses on the roles of contextual cues, the self, and stereotypes as standards for judging others, and the roles of internalized guides, stereotypes, and other people for judging the self.

Standards and Expectancies 1st Table of contents:

Chapter 1 Standards and Expectancies: An Introduction and Overview
Organization and Overview
What Is Not Here?
Chapter 2 Judging Others and the Self: Contextual Factors Affecting Assimilation and Contrast
The Immediate Context, Expectations, and Judgment: An Overview of Findings and Features That Moderate Context Effects
Features of the Priming Task or Instructions
1 Awareness of Priming Task
42. Processing Goals and Mind-Sets
Features of the Prime/Context Itself
3 Extremity of Prime
4 Prime/Category “Width”
5 Distinctness of Prime/Context
5a Unitizing
5b Interruption
5c Communication Rules
5d Temporal Distance
6 Consistency or Entitativity of Prime/Context
Features of the Target and Judgment
7 Similarity, Appropriateness, and Applicability/Relevance: Context/Target Overlap
8 Relevance of the Judgment Dimension
9 Ambiguity/Extremity of Targets
10 Judgment Language/Form
Summary and Some Big Issues
Perceptual versus Semantic?
Contrast as Comparison versus Correction?
Notes
Chapter 3 Models of Assimilation and Contrast
The Set/Reset Model
The Inclusion/Exclusion Model
Flexible Correction Model
Interpretation-Comparison Model (ICM)
The Selective Accessibility Model (SAM)
Expectation and Contrast
General Model of Informational Biases
Reflection and Evaluation Model (REM)
Summary
Notes
Chapter 4 Self and Other Exemplars as Standards for Judging Others
The Self in Similarity Judgments
Using Our Own Attributes in Judgments of Others
False Consensus and False Uniqueness
False Consensus—Description and Accounts
False Uniqueness
Moderators of False Consensus and False Uniqueness Effects
A Sidebar: Sometimes the Self Appears Not to Be Considered in Judgments of Others
Judging Others Based on Representations of Specific Other Exemplars
Transference
Contrast?
Summary
Notes
Chapter 5 Stereotypes and Stereotyping of Others
Stereotyping Models
Dual-Process Models
A Parallel Process/Connectionist Alternative
Facilitation and Inhibition in Stereotyping
The Ubiquity of Assimilation Effects?
Stereotypes as Standards
Related Issues
Summary
Notes
Chapter 6 Beyond Assimilation: Toward a Broader View of Stereotyping Effects1
Stereotypes as Standards: The Shifting Standards Model
Implications for Judgment
A Closer Look at Judgment Standards
From Judgment to Behavior
Summary and Conclusions
Notes
Chapter 7 Internalized Guides as Standards for Judging the Self
Personal Standards and Objective Self-Awareness
Self-Discrepancy
Other Perspectives on Discrepancies and Goals
Standards of Non-prejudice
Possible Selves
Behavioral Assimilation to Standards: Self-Regulation
Summary
Notes
Chapter 8 Stereotypes as Standards for Judging the Self: Self-Stereotyping
Self-Categorization and Self-Stereotyping
Category Salience
Readiness/Priming
Stereotype Relevance and Self-Stereotyping
Contrast Effects in Self-Stereotyping?
Motivations Affecting Self-Stereotyping
Summary
Notes
Chapter 9 Other People as Standards: Social Comparison1
Social Comparison—The Basics
Motives of the Comparer
Self-Enhancement
Self-Improvement
Self-Verification
Self-Assessment
Choice of Comparison Target/Direction of Comparison
Lateral Comparison
Downward Comparison
Upward Comparison
The Active Comparer?
Consequences of Social Comparison
The Similarity Principle
Other Moderators of Comparison Consequences
Back to the Similarity Principle
Behavioral Consequences
The Importance of Construal, Revisited
How Common Is Social Comparison?
Summary
Notes
Chapter 10 Assimilation and Contrast Revisited
Concluding Comments
References
Author Index
Subject Index

People also search for Standards and Expectancies 1st:

standards and expectancies monica biernat

social psychology stereotyping

shifting standards theory

bias and social judgment

social cognition research

Tags: Standards, Expectancies, Monica Biernat, social expectations