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Social Welfare Politics and Public Policy 8th Edition by Diana DiNitto , David Johnson ISBN 020595913X 978-0205959136

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Author(s): Diana M. DiNitto, David W. Johnson
ISBN(s): 9780205959136, 020595913X
Edition: 8th
File Details: PDF, 9.50 MB
Year: 2015
Language: english
SKU: EB-10013094 Categories: , Tags: ,

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ISBN 10: 020595913X  

ISBN 13: 978-0205959136

Author: Diana DiNitto , David Johnson

Note: This is the bound book only and does not include access to the Enhanced Pearson eText. To order the Enhanced Pearson eText packaged with a bound book, use ISBN 0134057260.

 

Acknowledged as the most comprehensive, easy-to-read introduction to social welfare policy available, Social Welfare: Politics and Public Policy, 8/e, emphasizes the current political aspects of policy making and major social welfare programs, including public assistance, Social Security, disability, health insurance, child welfare, and much more. Social Welfare does more than describe the major social welfare policies and programs; it also tackles the conflict and controversies involved in the processes and outcomes of policy making. It contrasts rational and political approaches to policy making, policy analysis, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. The authors present conflicting perspectives, encouraging students to think critically, to debate, and to consider their own views on issues. The Enhanced Pearson eText features video links and embedded assessments.

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Table of contents: 

  1. 1 Politics and the Policymaking Process
  2. Learning Objectives
  3. Chapter Outline
  4. The Policymaking Process
  5. Identifying Policy Problems
  6. Agenda Setting
  7. Nondecisions
  8. Political Ideology
  9. Special Interests
  10. The Mass Media
  11. Public Opinion
  12. Formulating Policy Proposals
  13. Legitimizing Public Policy
  14. Implementing Public Policy
  15. Evaluating Social Welfare Policy
  16. Financing the Welfare State
  17. Federal Taxes
  18. State Taxes
  19. Local Taxes
  20. Other Revenue Streams
  21. Who Pays? Who Benefits?
  22. The Budget: A Government’s Most Important Policy Statement
  23. Summary
  24. Discussion Questions and Class Activities
  25. Resources
  26. 2 Analyzing, Implementing, and Evaluating Social Welfare Policy
  27. Learning Objectives
  28. Chapter Outline
  29. The Politics of Policy Analysis
  30. The Politics of Policy Implementation
  31. Communications
  32. Resources
  33. Attitudes
  34. Bureaucracy
  35. The Politics of Policy Evaluation
  36. Does Policy Evaluation Matter?
  37. Policy Evaluation as a Rational Activity
  38. Policy Evaluation as a Political Activity
  39. Unclear, Ambiguous Program Goals
  40. Symbolic Goals
  41. Unhappy Findings
  42. Program Interference
  43. Usefulness of Evaluations
  44. Evaluation by Whom?
  45. Threats to Everyone
  46. Why Hasn’t Head Start “Cured” Poverty?
  47. Politics, Evaluation, and Head Start
  48. Years Later
  49. The Faces of Program Evaluation
  50. Public Hearings
  51. Site Visits
  52. Program Measures
  53. Comparison with Professional Standards
  54. Formal Research Designs
  55. Classic Experimental Design
  56. Theoretical Evaluation
  57. Quasiexperimental Design
  58. Pretest-Posttest Design
  59. Time Series Design
  60. An Affinity for D.A.R.E.
  61. Summary
  62. Discussion Questions and Class Activities
  63. Resources
  64. 3 Politics and the History of Social Welfare Policy
  65. Learning Objectives
  66. Chapter Outline
  67. The Early History of Social Welfare Policy in America
  68. The Elizabethan Poor Law
  69. Early Relief in the United States
  70. The Rural-to-Urban Migration
  71. The Progressive Era
  72. The Great Depression and FDR’s New Deal
  73. LBJ and the War on Poverty
  74. The Welfare Rights Movement
  75. Economic Opportunity Act
  76. The Great Society
  77. Politics Overtakes the War on Poverty
  78. More Social Welfare Expansion
  79. Residency Requirements Eliminated
  80. Cost-of-Living Adjustments Initiated
  81. The Graying of America
  82. Increase in Single-Parent Families
  83. Social Service Growth
  84. The Reagan and Bush Years
  85. The Supply Side
  86. The New Federalism
  87. The States as Laboratories
  88. Privatizing Public Services
  89. The Reagan–Bush Finale
  90. The Presidential Years of Bill Clinton
  91. Managing the Federal Debt
  92. Ending Welfare as We Knew It
  93. Assessing the Clinton Years
  94. The George W. Bush Presidency
  95. The United States at War
  96. 9/11 and the War on Terrorism
  97. War in Iraq
  98. Economic Troubles at Home
  99. The Stock Market Bubble Bursts
  100. Boosting the Sluggish Economy
  101. Struggles to Balance Budgets
  102. Compassionate Conservatism
  103. The Great Recession—The Housing Bubble Bursts
  104. Barack Obama’s Presidency
  105. A Nation Still at War
  106. Healthcare
  107. Improving the Economy
  108. Issues Ahead
  109. Summary
  110. Discussion Questions and Class Activities
  111. Resources
  112. 4 Ending Poverty: Is It an Issue Anymore?
  113. Learning Objectives
  114. Chapter Outline
  115. What Is Poverty?
  116. Poverty as Deprivation
  117. The U.S. Government’s Official Poverty Definition
  118. What’s Wrong with the Government’s Definition?
  119. Measuring Poverty: Let Me Count the Ways
  120. Supplemental Poverty Measure
  121. Self-Sufficiency Standard
  122. Who Is Poor?
  123. How Persistent Is Poverty?
  124. Poverty as Inequality (or Who Shrank the Middle Class?)
  125. Why Are the Poor, Poor?
  126. Poverty as Lack of Human Capital
  127. Poverty as Culture
  128. Poverty as Exploitation
  129. Poverty as Structure
  130. The Politics of Hunger
  131. From Food Stamps to SNAP
  132. Discovering and Rediscovering Hunger
  133. The Politics of Affordable Housing
  134. Government and Rental Housing
  135. Home Ownership: Chasing the American Dream
  136. Poor and Homeless: Not Invisible AnyMore
  137. Who Is Homeless?
  138. Governments’ Response to Homelessness
  139. A Fundamental Shift
  140. Does Welfare Cause Poverty?
  141. Whither Public Assistance?
  142. Summary
  143. Discussion Questions and Class Activities
  144. Resources
  145. 5 Preventing Poverty: Social Insurance and Personal Responsibility
  146. Learning Objectives
  147. Chapter Outline
  148. Preventing Poverty through Compulsory Savings
  149. Social Security: The World’s Largest Social Welfare Program
  150. Even the Best-Laid Plans
  151. The 1983 Reforms and Beyond
  152. State of the Trust Funds
  153. Is Social Security in Crisis?
  154. Social Security’s Goals: Adequacy, Equity, and Efficiency
  155. Intergenerational Adequacy and Equity
  156. Adequacy and Equity across Racial and Ethnic Groups
  157. Adequacy, Equity, Gender, and Sexual Orientation
  158. Social Security System Efficiency
  159. Saving Social Security
  160. Fix the Current System
  161. Create a New System
  162. Privatization
  163. A Prefunded System
  164. Avoiding Exhaustion
  165. Public Policy and Private Pensions
  166. Unemployment Insurance
  167. Gaps in Unemployment Insurance Programs
  168. Modernizing Unemployment Insurance
  169. Three Types of Unemployment
  170. Who Gets Counted as Unemployed?
  171. Workers’ Compensation
  172. Issues in Workers’ Compensation
  173. Modernizing Workers’ Compensation
  174. Summary
  175. Discussion Questions and Class Activities
  176. Resources
  177. 6 Disability Policy: Embracing a Civil Rights Perspective
  178. Learning Objectives
  179. Chapter Outline
  180. Disability and Civil Rights
  181. From Deinstitutionalization to Inclusion and Integration
  182. Disability Policy and Community Living
  183. The Rehabilitation Act
  184. The Americans with Disabilities Act
  185. The U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
  186. Increased Access for People with Disabilities
  187. Public Assistance and Disability
  188. The Federal Government Steps In
  189. Supplemental Security Income in Figures
  190. Disability Determination and Case Reviews
  191. Appealing SSI Decisions
  192. SSI Controversies
  193. People with Alcohol and Drug Problems
  194. Immigrants
  195. Children
  196. Older Adults
  197. People Who Are Homeless
  198. Improving Disability Determination
  199. Reducing Case Backlogs
  200. Veterans Administration Disability System
  201. Disability and Work
  202. Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment Services
  203. Eliminating Work Disincentives, Supporting Work
  204. Keeping More Cash Benefits and Health Benefits
  205. Plan to Achieve Self-Support (PASS)
  206. Ticket to Work
  207. Bolstering Employment of Youth with Disabilities
  208. Disability Policy for Children
  209. Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act
  210. Education Policy for Children with Disabilities
  211. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
  212. No Child Left Behind Act
  213. Disability Policy for the Future
  214. Summary
  215. Discussion Questions and Class Activities
  216. Resources
  217. 7 Helping Needy Families: An End to Welfare as We Knew It
  218. Learning Objectives
  219. Chapter Outline
  220. From Mothers’ Aid to AFDC
  221. Man-in-the-House Rules
  222. Keeping Families Together
  223. Making Parents Pay: A History of Child Support Enforcement
  224. Benefits of Child Support
  225. Child Support Enforcement Agency’s Services
  226. Establishing Paternity
  227. Establishing Child Support Orders
  228. Collecting and Distributing Child Support Payments
  229. Enforcing Child Support across Jurisdictions
  230. Establishing and Enforcing Medical Support Orders
  231. Locating Parents
  232. Reviewing and Modifying Support Orders
  233. Child Support Enforcement’s Effectiveness
  234. Reaching CSE Program Goals
  235. CSE’s Cost-Effectiveness
  236. Satisfaction with CSE
  237. State Compliance and CSE Privatization
  238. The Reincarnations of Welfare and Work
  239. Rehabilitation for Work
  240. Job Training and WIN
  241. Workfare
  242. The JOBS Program
  243. Why the Fuss about “Welfare”?
  244. Recipients and Costs
  245. Rethinking AFDC
  246. Has Welfare as We Knew It Ended?
  247. TANF Goals
  248. TANF Block Grants
  249. Federal Funding for TANF
  250. TANF’s Federalism
  251. TANF Work Requirements
  252. Additional TANF Funding
  253. TANF Benefit Levels
  254. TANF Spending Levels
  255. Additional Work Supports
  256. Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)
  257. Childcare
  258. Other Supports
  259. Spending Forecast
  260. How Effective Has TANF Been?
  261. TANF’s Future
  262. Summary
  263. Discussion Questions and Class Activities
  264. Resources
  265. 8 Providing Healthcare: Can All Americans Be Insured?
  266. Learning Objectives
  267. Chapter Outline
  268. Good Health or Medical Attention?
  269. How Americans Pay for Healthcare
  270. Medicare: Healthcare for Virtually All Older Americans
  271. Medicare Part A: Hospital Insurance
  272. Medicare Part B: Supplemental Medical Insurance
  273. Covering “Medigaps”
  274. Medicare Advantage (Part C)
  275. Adding D (Prescription Drugs) to the A, B, Cs of Medicare
  276. Long-Term Care and Supportive Services
  277. Medicaid: Healthcare for More of the Poor
  278. What Services Can Medicaid Beneficiaries Receive?
  279. How Are Medicaid Services Delivered?
  280. State Children’s Health Insurance Program
  281. Other Routes to Healthcare for Those in Need
  282. Employer-Sponsored and Private Health Insurance
  283. Types of Employer-Based Plans
  284. Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs)
  285. Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs)
  286. Point of Service (POS) Plans
  287. High-Deductible Health Plans with Savings Options (HDHP/SO)
  288. How Do People Choose a Plan?
  289. Individual Private Insurance Plans
  290. The Uninsured: Pay as You Go
  291. What Ails Healthcare?
  292. The Nation’s Healthcare Bill
  293. Trying to Control Healthcare Costs
  294. Reining in Medicare
  295. The Balanced Budget Act
  296. Why Americans Do Not Have Universal Healthcare
  297. Incrementalism and the 2009–2010 Effort for Universal Healthcare
  298. Elements of the Healthcare Reform Debate
  299. Healthcare Choice
  300. Pre-Existing Conditions
  301. Privilege, Right, or Rationing?
  302. The Politics of Healthcare Reform 2009–2010
  303. The Tea Pot Boils
  304. A Public Option Rejected
  305. Reconciling the Unreconcilable
  306. An Incremental Step Toward Insuring All
  307. A Rocky Start to Implementation
  308. The ACA Goes to Court
  309. Healthcare: More Ethical Dilemmas
  310. Portability and Privacy
  311. Healthcare Rationing
  312. Futile Care
  313. Euthanasia and Assisted Death
  314. Stem Cell Research and Cloning
  315. Summary
  316. Discussion and Class Activities
  317. Resources
  318. 9 Preventing Poverty: Education and Employment Policy
  319. Learning Objectives
  320. Chapter Outline
  321. Education for the Few or the Many?
  322. Public Education: The Progressive Era to World War II
  323. The Post World War II Era: Increased Federal Involvement in Education
  324. National Defense Education Act (1958): The Cold War Influences Education
  325. Elementary and Secondary Education Act (1965): Access and Diversity
  326. ESEA Reauthorizations: From Access to Achievement
  327. From Achievement to Accountability: Leave No Child Behind
  328. Standards and Testing
  329. Teacher Improvement
  330. Charter Schools and School Vouchers
  331. Early Childhood Education
  332. Higher Education
  333. Was Thirty Years of Education Reform Necessary?
  334. Education and the Obama Administration
  335. Federal Reluctance in Employment Policy
  336. Reluctance Overcome: The New Deal
  337. The War on Poverty: The Search for a Cure
  338. Area Poverty: Addressing Poverty in Economic Sectors and Locales
  339. Economic Development Administration (EDA)
  340. Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)
  341. Enterprise Zones
  342. Case Poverty: Addressing Poverty among Individuals
  343. LBJ and the Economic Opportunity Act
  344. Youth Training and Employment
  345. Job Corps: Expensive and Ineffective.
  346. Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS): Boosting Education and Employment through Service.
  347. Federal Job Programs
  348. Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA).
  349. Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA).
  350. Workforce Investment Act (WIA).
  351. Nonprofit Organizations.
  352. Minimum Wages and Living Wages
  353. Economic Crisis, the Bush Bailout, and the Obama Stimulus Plan
  354. Summary
  355. Discussion Questions and Class Activities
  356. Resources
  357. 10 Providing Social Services: Help for Children, Older Americans, and Individuals with Mental and Substance Use Disorders
  358. Learning Objectives
  359. Chapter Outline
  360. Social Services in the United States
  361. Social Service Providers
  362. Social Service Development
  363. Child Welfare Policy and Services
  364. Discovering Child Abuse
  365. Child Maltreatment
  366. Child Protection Legislation
  367. Foster Care and Adoption
  368. Controversial Issues in Child Welfare
  369. Controversy 1: Are Transracial Adoptions Appropriate?
  370. Controversy 2: Should Child Welfare Systems Focus More on Prevention?
  371. Controversy 3: Should Child Welfare Systems Operate from a Social Work or Criminal Justice Framework?
  372. Controversy 4: Does the Child Welfare System Cause More Harm Than Good?
  373. Controversy 5: Why Isn’t the Child Welfare Workforce Better Prepared?
  374. Controversy 6: Are Lawsuits the Best Way to Change the Child Welfare System?
  375. Controversy 7: Why Isn’t the Child Welfare System Better Funded?
  376. Controversy 8: What Must Be Done to Improve Foster Care Services?
  377. Controversy 9: Why Hasn’t the United States Ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child?
  378. The Future of Child Welfare Policy
  379. Social Services for Older Americans
  380. The Older Americans Act
  381. White House Conferences on Aging
  382. Protective Services for Older Americans
  383. Guardianship
  384. Long-Term Services and Supports
  385. Social Services for Individuals with Mental and Substance Use Disorders
  386. A Brief History of the Response to Mental Illness
  387. The Public Mental Health System
  388. Incidence, Severity, and Burden of Mental Disorders
  389. Paying for and Providing Care
  390. Insurance Coverage and Parity for Mental and Substance Use Disorder
  391. Choice of Services
  392. Treatment and Civil Rights
  393. Is the War on Drugs Abating?
  394. History of the Drug War
  395. Mass Incarceration
  396. Diversion Programs
  397. Social Service Restrictions
  398. Harm Reduction
  399. Summary
  400. Discussion Questions and Class Activities
  401. Resources
  402. 11 The Challenges of a Diverse Society: Gender and Sexual Orientation
  403. Learning Objectives
  404. Chapter Outline
  405. The Feminization of Poverty
  406. The Wage Gap
  407. Comparable Worth
  408. Women in Political Office
  409. Resuscitating the Equal Rights Amendment
  410. Family Care
  411. No Middle Ground on Abortion Rights
  412. The Supreme Court and Roe v. Wade
  413. Prochoice and Antiabortion Forces
  414. Medicaid and Abortion
  415. Changing Tenor of the Supreme Court
  416. Protests and Violence
  417. Congress, the Presidents, and Abortion
  418. Contraceptive Drugs
  419. Will Abortion Rights Survive?
  420. Confronting Violence against Women
  421. Sexual Assault
  422. Intimate Partner Violence
  423. Violence against Women Act
  424. Sexual Harassment
  425. The Era of LGBT Rights
  426. An End to Sodomy Laws
  427. Sexual Orientation and the Military: Ending “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell”
  428. Employment and the LGBT Rights Agenda
  429. Hate and Bias Crimes
  430. Domestic Partnerships and Same-Sex Marriage
  431. Child Custody and Adoption
  432. Protecting LGBT Youth
  433. Summary
  434. Discussion Questions and Class Activities
  435. Resources
  436. 12 The Challenges of a Diverse Society: Race, Ethnicity, and Immigration
  437. Learning Objectives
  438. Chapter Outline
  439. Racial Equality: How Far Have We Come?
  440. The Civil Rights Acts
  441. School Desegregation
  442. From Resistance to Accommodation
  443. Busing and Mandatory Desegregation
  444. Voluntary Desegregation and Educational Adequacy
  445. School “Resegregation”
  446. Educational Quality—A Matter of Equity or Adequacy?
  447. School Desegregation Policy for the Future
  448. Housing and Racial Discrimination
  449. Housing Segregation
  450. Redlining and Steering Past and Present
  451. Enforcing Fair Housing Practices
  452. Encouraging Neighborhood Integration
  453. Affirmative Action
  454. Reverse Discrimination
  455. The Reagan Years
  456. The George H. W. Bush Years
  457. University Admissions
  458. Affirmative Action in the Twenty-First Century
  459. Voting Rights
  460. Voter Discrimination Past and Present
  461. Redistricting and Gerrymandering
  462. Preclearance
  463. American Indians and Public Policy
  464. The Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Indian Health Service
  465. Cobell v. Salazar
  466. Racial and Ethnic Targeting
  467. Racial Profiling
  468. The War on Terror
  469. Hate Crimes
  470. Immigration and Social Welfare
  471. A Brief History of U.S. Immigration Policy
  472. The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act
  473. Immigration Post-September 11th
  474. Authorized Immigration
  475. Unauthorized Immigration
  476. Reforming Immigration Policy in the Twenty-First Century
  477. President Obama and Executive Action on Immigration
  478. Comprehensive Immigration Reform and Congressional Action
  479. Immigration and Its Effects
  480. Immigrants and the Decennial Census
  481. Summary
  482. Discussion Questions and Class Activities
  483. Resources
  484. Conclusion: Politics, Rationalism, and the Future of Social Welfare Policy
  485. Name Index

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