Routledge Handbook of Research Methods in Military Studies 1st Edition by Joseph Soeters, Patricia M Shields, Sebastiaan Rietjens ISBN 0415635330 9780415635332

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ISBN 10: 0415635330 
ISBN 13: 9780415635332
Author: Joseph Soeters, Patricia M Shields, Sebastiaan Rietjens

Routledge Handbook of Research Methods in Military Studies 1st Table of contents:

Part I Getting started and seeing the context
Chapter 1 Introduction
§ 1. Examples and Classification of PDE’s
– Examples
– Classification of PDE’s
– Well‑posed Problems
– Problems

§ 2. The Maximum Principle
– Examples
– Corollaries
– Problem

§ 3. Finite Difference Methods
– Discretization
– Discrete Maximum Principle
– Problem

§ 4. A Convergence Theory for Difference Methods
– Consistency
– Local and Global Error
– Limits of the Convergence Theory
– Problems

Chapter 2 Getting Access to the Field Insider/outsider perspectives
– Introduction
– Epistemology and the sociology of knowledge
– Gaining access to the armed forces for research: A sociology
– Polymorphous engagement and contracts
– Conclusion: Gaining entry while maintaining distance
– References

Chapter 3 Getting on the Same Net How the theory-driven academic can better communicate with the pragmatic military client
– An important and neglected issue
– Military culture: Institutional perspective of ‘research’
– Institutional reaction to scholarly research
– Relevance
– Alignment with and supportive of cultural norms
– Findings from a ‘reliable source’
– Bridging the gap between research and practitioner acceptance
– Using research to develop relevant frames of reference
– Involving practitioners and researchers in each other’s areas
– Communicating more imaginatively
– Conclusion
– References

Chapter 4 Reflexivity Potentially “dangerous liaisons”
– Introduction
– Reflexivity in gathering data
– Social positioning and social attributes
– Personal features and interpersonal dynamics
– Ethics and motivation
– Reflexivity in analysis
– Reflexivity in writing
– Writing during research
– The final text
– Readerships
– Conclusion: Collaborative reflexivity
– References

Chapter 5 Doing Military Research in Conflict Environments
– Introduction
– Tasking: Formulating the research question
– Dependence: Gatekeepers decide what research can be pursued and by whom
– Clarity: Gatekeepers are often not proficient in commissioning research
– Relevance: Gatekeepers have good reason to avoid the most important research questions
– Improving research by asking basic questions about the problems we seek to solve
– Research design and planning
– Lack of baseline data
– Uncertain access to data
– Letting internationals collect data
– Letting local staff collect data
– Gatekeepers are willing to take risks and accept research constraints
– Collection of data: When the plan hits reality
– Independent validation is essential
– Delays
– Language barriers
– Assessment: Verification and triangulation of results
– Presentation of results: Methodological illiteracy and dangerous products
– Misleading presentation of results
– Clients’ unrealistic demands and misinterpretation
– Conclusion: Improving research of the military in conflict environments
– Notes
– References

Chapter 6 Studying Host‑Nationals in Operational Areas The challenge of Afghanistan
– Introduction
– Objectives of studying host‑nationals
– Challenges for the social sciences and humanities
– The burden of history
– Human terrain analysis
– Intelligence analysis
– Coping better
– Conclusion
– References

Part II Qualitative methods
Chapter 7 Historical Research in the Military Domain
– History and historiographical trends: Limits to historical knowledge
– Pursuing historical research: Methodological considerations
– Writing history
– Actual and potential pressures
– Concluding remarks
– Note
– References

Chapter 8 Retrieving What’s Already There Archival data for research in defense acquisition
– Introduction
– Background
– Data types
– Data sources
– Data challenges
– Archival defense acquisition data in the USA
– Structured data
– Unstructured data
– Government sources
– Other types of archival acquisition data
– Challenges: An example
– Structured data
– Unstructured data
– Summary and conclusion
– References

Chapter 9 Process Tracing in Case Studies
– Introduction
– Process tracing and case‑oriented research
– Ways to study military affairs
– Debating process tracing
– The many faces of process tracing
– Process tracing, within‑case analysis and structured focused comparison
– The utility of process tracing
– Process tracing in action
– Framing the research
– Data gathering
– Making sense of the data
– Conclusion
– Note
– References

Chapter 10 Being One of the Guys or the Fly on the Wall? Participant observation of veteran bikers
– Introduction: Out of the cold, into the frying pan
– Kinetic ethnography and the study of liminality
– Out of the frying pan into the fire
– The campfire interview protocol
– Field notes under ‘hot’ conditions
– The balance between involvement and detachment
– Thick description and the ‘1%’ question
– The ethics of involvement and detachment: Informed consent
– Concluding
– Notes
– References

Chapter 11 In‑Depth Interviewing
– Categories and types of interviews
– Structured, unstructured, or semi‑structured
– One‑on‑one, telephone, or focus group
– Methodological steps
– Reviewing previous literature
– Refining the research question
– Designing a protocol and obtaining IRB approval
– Selecting interviewees
– Determining the type of interview
– Analyzing and writing‑up the findings
– Why and when is it appropriate to use in-depth interviews?
– A few limitations and ways of addressing them
– What makes studying the military special?
– References

Chapter 12 Qualitative Data Analysis Seeing the patterns in the fog of civil–military interaction
– Introduction
– Research design and data collection
– Data reduction
– Figure 12.1 Example of an open coded text from the example study
– Data display
– Drawing and verifying conclusions
– Conclusion and reflection
– References

Chapter 13 Visual Communication Research and War
– Introduction
– Why study images of war?
– Analyzing Persian Gulf War images
– The challenge of accounting for both the iconic and the routine in images of war
– Methods of visual analysis in communication studies
– Manifest content analysis
– Iconographic/semiotic analysis
– Framing analysis
– Conclusion
– Notes
– References

Chapter 14 Researching ‘The Most Dangerous of all Sources’ Egodocuments
– Egodocuments
– Why study egodocuments?
– What to study in egodocuments?
– Three challenges

• Challenge 1: Scoping

• Challenge 2: Collecting the documents

• Challenge 3: Analysis
  – Conclusion
  – References

Chapter 15 Scrutinizing the Internet in Search of “Homegrown” Terrorism
– Benefits of online research
– Potential methodological problems of online research
– Definitional issues in online searches
– Selection bias
– Sample bias
– Misinformation
– Propaganda and the strategic use of the Internet
– Conclusion
– Notes
– References

Part III Quantitative methods
Chapter 16 Survey Research in Military Settings
– Surveys in the military: Then and now
– What is a survey?
– The why, which defines the what: Content domains for the survey
– Methods for identifying what to ask
– Generating specific items
– Determining reliability and validity
– Arrangement of survey items
– The who
– Probabilistic sampling methods
– Non‑probabilistic sampling methods
– Sampling in the illustrative study
– The how and when of survey data collection
– Data collection method in the illustrative study
– The reporting
– Summary
– References

Chapter 17 Longitudinal Design in Using Surveys in Military Research Common challenges and techniques
– Longitudinal design: What, how and why
– Definition and types of longitudinal research
– Different aims and designs
– Advantages and disadvantages of longitudinal designs
– Challenges and techniques
– How to determine the time intervals between the measurement points?
– How to maintain study participation over time and deal with attrition problems?
– How to deal with sensitivity and privacy issues in military research?
– How to match data across time?
– How to analyze the longitudinal data?
– Conclusion
– Note
– References

Chapter 18 Multilevel Analysis The examination of hierarchical data in military research
– Quantitative and qualitative applications
– Relations between the levels of analysis
– Intra-class correlations
– Cross‑level interactions
– Hierarchical linear modelling (HLM)
– Longitudinal studies: Growth curve analysis
– Considerations in multilevel modeling
– The role of theoretical guidance and the choice of predictors
– Statistical assumptions and sample size
– Limitations and cautionary notes
– Conclusion
– References

Chapter 19 Cross-National Research in the Military Comparing operational styles
– Introduction
– Purpose: Description, theory development and theory testing
– Research design and case selection
– Plurality of strategies of data collection
– Methodological peculiarities in cross-national comparative research
– Anecdotal evidence
– Level of analysis
– Language issues
– Reliability and validity
– The cross-cultural researcher’s profile
– Conclusions and warnings
– Note
– References

Chapter 20 Experimental Methods in Military and Veteran Studies
– Types of experimental studies
– Subject selection
– Rationale
– Drawbacks and limitations of experimental research
– Conclusion
– References

Chapter 21 The Empirical Analysis of Conflicts, Using Databases
– Introduction
– Empirical analysis in conflict studies: Then and now
– Reflections on empirical analysis of conflicts
– Why empirical analysis of conflicts?
– How to design an empirical analysis of conflicts?
– Limitations and future developments
– Conclusion
– References

Chapter 22 Computational Modeling to Study Conflicts and Terrorism
– Introduction
– Modeling war and terrorism dynamics
– The methodology of computational modeling
– Agents
– Environment
– Outcomes
– Social science applications
– Policy applicability
– Technical needs
– Conclusion
– Notes
– References

Chapter 23 Evaluating Peace Operations Challenges and dimensions
– Introduction
– The evaluation challenge
– Dimensions of peace operation evaluation
– Success for whom? Stakeholders in peace operations
– Time perspective
– Baseline for assessment
– Lumping
– Types of peacekeeping missions
– The conflict environment
– References

Chapter 24 Business Analytics Research in Military Organizations
– Introduction
– What is business analytics?
– Civilian and military applications of business analytics
– Civilian applications of business analytics
– Business analytics in military cold environments
– Business analytics in military hot environments
– Getting started with business analytics research

1. Focusing and designing BA research

2. Developing the BA tool

3. Using the BA tool

4. Presenting and leveraging BA results

5. Evolving BA research
   – Challenges in military business analytics research
   – Methodological challenges
   – Context‑related challenges
   – Concluding remarks
   – Notes
   – References

Part IV The end
Chapter 25 A New Approach to Doing Military Ethics
– Introduction
– Problem‑driven research
– Applying problem‑driven research
– Challenges in doing problem‑driven research
– Analytic eclectism
– Applying analytic eclecticism
– Challenges inherent in practicing analytic eclecticism
– Ethics and conventional causality
– Ethics amidst causal complexity
– Challenges inherent in studying causality and complexity
– Conclusion
– References

Chapter 26 Theory Building in Research on the Military
– Introduction: Theory construction as process
– Explication and scholarly positioning
– Evaluation and integration
– Emendation and application
– Validity and generalization
– Conclusion: Never‑ending processes
– References

Chapter 27 Doing Practical Research and Publishing in Military Studies
– The many meanings of practical research
– The typical research process
– Practical research has a clear purpose
– Conceptual frameworks
– Examples of practical research from military studies
– Academic journals of military studies
– The steps to submitting a journal article
– Tips for successful publication

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Tags: Joseph Soeters, Patricia M Shields, Sebastiaan Rietjens, Military Studies