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Protective Relay Principles 1st Edition by Anthony F Sleva ISBN 0824753720 9780824753726

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Protective Relay Principles 1st Edition Anthony F. Sleva Digital Instant Download

Author(s): Anthony F. Sleva
ISBN(s): 9780824753726, 0824753720
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 6.41 MB
Year: 2009
Language: english
SKU: EB-2502452 Category: Tag:

Protective Relay Principles 1st Edition by Anthony F Sleva – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0824753720, 9780824753726
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ISBN 10: 0824753720 
ISBN 13: 9780824753726
Author: Anthony F Sleva

Improve Failure Detection and Optimize ProtectionIn the ever-evolving field of protective relay technology, an engineer’s personal preference and professional judgment are as important to power system protection as the physical relays used to detect and isolate abnormal conditions. Invaluable Insights from an Experienced Expert Protective Relay Principles focuses on probable power system failure modes and the important characteristics of the protective relays used to detect these postulated failures. The book presents useful new concepts in a way that is easier to understand because they are equally relevant to older, electromechanical and solid-state relays, and newer, more versatile microprocessor-based relays. It introduces the applications, considerations, and setting philosophies used in transmission-line, distribution-line, and substation applications, covering concepts associated with general system operations and fault detection. Topics include relay load limits, cold load pickup, voltage recovery, and arc flash. The author also delves into the philosophies that engineers employ in both urban and rural areas, with a detailed consideration of setpoint function. Analysis of Key Concepts That Are Usually Just Glossed Over This versatile text is ideal for new engineers to use as a tutorial before they open the instruction manuals that accompany multi-function microprocessor-based relays. Guiding readers through the transient loading conditions that can result in relay misoperation, the author elaborates on concepts that are not generally discussed, but can be very helpful in specific applications. Readers will come away with an excellent grasp of important design considerations for working with overcurrent, over- and undervoltage, impedance, distance, and differential type relay functions, either individually or in combination. Also useful for students as a textbook, this book includes practical examples for many applications, and offers guidance for more unusual ones.

Protective Relay Principles 1st Table of contents:

1 Power System Components

  • transmission lines

  • distribution lines

  • transformers

  • circuit breakers

  • buses

  • switchyards

  • fuses

  • substations

  • reclosers

  • generators

2 Power System Subcomponents

  • current transformers

  • voltage transformers

  • capacitive coupled voltage transformers

  • protective relays

  • control relays

  • master trip relays

  • programmable logic controllers

  • insulators

  • bushings

  • cable terminators

  • disconnect switches

  • air break switches

  • motor-operated air break switches

  • ground switches

  • surge arrestors

  • sectionalizers

  • batteries

3 Abnormal Power System Conditions

  • short circuits

    • three-phase faults

    • phase-to-phase faults

    • double phase-to-ground faults

    • single phase-to-ground faults

    • turn-to-turn faults

    • winding-to-winding faults

    • winding-to-ground faults

    • plate-to-plate faults

  • overloads

  • overvoltage

  • undervoltage

  • overfrequency

  • underfrequency

  • open phase

  • single phasing

  • phase unbalance

  • volts per hertz

4 Short-Circuit Calculations

  • symmetrical components

  • positive sequence networks

  • negative sequence networks

  • zero sequence networks

  • operators

  • sequence diagram connections—three-phase faults

  • sequence diagram connections—phase-to-phase faults

  • sequence diagram connections—single phase-to-ground faults

  • per-unit quantities

  • sample calculations

  • sample calculations—three-phase faults

  • sample calculations—phase-to-phase faults

  • sample calculations—single phase-to-ground faults

  • sample calculations—mutual coupling

5 Protective Relay Functions

  • time overcurrent relay (51)

  • instantaneous overcurrent relay (50)

  • overvoltage relay (59)

  • undervoltage relay (27)

  • distance relay (21)

  • differential relay (87)

  • directional relay (67)

  • underfrequency relay (81)

  • overfrequency relay (81)

6 Protective Relay Functional Combinations

  • voltage-controlled time overcurrent relay

  • torque-controlled time overcurrent relay

  • logic-controlled instantaneous overcurrent relay

  • torque-controlled instantaneous overcurrent relay

  • logic-controlled overvoltage relay

  • logic-controlled undervoltage relay

  • logic-controlled distance relay

  • current-supervised distance relay

  • logic-supervised differential relay

  • current-supervised differential relay

  • current-supervised underfrequency relay

  • dual underfrequency relays

7 Zones and Regions of Protection

  • zones of protection

    • relay characteristics and applied setpoint

      • overcurrent relays

      • distance relays

      • differential relays

    • instrument transformer location, connection, polarity, and ratio

      • overcurrent relays

      • distance relays

      • differential relays

    • control scheme logic

    • power system configuration

  • regions of protection

    • relay characteristics and applied setpoint

      • overvoltage relays

      • undervoltage relays

      • underfrequency relays

      • overfrequency relays

      • unbalanced voltage relays

    • instrument transformer location, connection, polarity, and ratio

      • overvoltage relays

      • undervoltage relays

      • underfrequency relays

      • overfrequency relays

      • unbalanced voltage relays

    • control scheme logic

    • power system configuration

8 Physical Characteristics of Protective Relays

  • electromechanical relays

  • solid-state relays

  • microprocessor-based relays

  • relay operation

  • relay packaging

9 Setting Considerations

  • power system configuration and operation

    • mutual coupling

    • ground bank action

  • power system requirements

  • maximum short-circuit current—fault in protected zone

  • maximum relay short-circuit current—fault in adjacent zone

  • minimum relay short-circuit current—fault in protected zone

  • fault current ratio

  • relay sensitivity

  • circuit loading

  • relay coordination

  • directionality

  • accuracy of calculations

  • device accuracy

  • circuit-breaker operating times

  • transient overreach

  • cold load inrush

  • redundancy

  • relay drift

  • security

  • arc flash hazard

  • circuit breaker-failure detection and isolation

  • free-standing CT flashover detection

  • switchable settings

  • recovery voltage inrush

10 Protection and Control Schemes

  • alternative protective relay trip logic

  • supervised protective relay logic

11 Protective Relay Coordination

  • instantaneous current relays

  • time overcurrent relays

    • maximum current flow with normal fault clearing

    • maximum current flow when a remote circuit breaker fails to open

    • maximum ratio of through current for restricted faults on each remote line

    • maximum ratio of through current for restricted faults on each remote line and remote circuit breaker fails to open

  • instantaneous voltage relays

  • time-delayed voltage relays

  • instantaneous (zone 1) impedance relays

  • time-delayed (zone 2 or zone 3) impedance relays

  • instantaneous frequency relays

  • time-delayed frequency relays

12 Distribution-Line Protection: Radial Lines

  • distribution-line protection philosophy

    • time overcurrent phase relays

    • instantaneous overcurrent phase relays

    • time overcurrent ground relays

    • instantaneous overcurrent ground relays

  • setpoint margin considerations

  • distribution-line protection

  • time overcurrent phase relay pickup setting—load capability

  • time overcurrent ground relay pickup setting—load capability

  • low-set instantaneous overcurrent phase relay pickup setting

  • low-set instantaneous overcurrent ground relay pickup setting

  • high-set instantaneous overcurrent phase relay pickup setting

  • high-set instantaneous overcurrent ground relay pickup setting

  • time overcurrent phase relay pickup setting—sensitivity check

  • time overcurrent phase relay pickup setting—time delay

  • time overcurrent phase relay pickup setting—upstream coordination

  • time overcurrent ground relay pickup setting—sensitivity check

  • time overcurrent ground relay pickup setting—time delay

  • time overcurrent ground relay pickup setting—upstream coordination

13 Distribution-Line Protection: Network Lines

  • networked distribution-line protection philosophy

    • time overcurrent phase relays

    • definite time overcurrent phase relays

    • instantaneous overcurrent phase relays

    • time overcurrent ground relays

    • definite time overcurrent ground relays

    • instantaneous overcurrent ground relays

  • setpoint margin considerations

  • distribution-line protection

  • time overcurrent phase relay pickup setting—load capability

  • time overcurrent ground relay pickup setting—load capability

  • instantaneous overcurrent phase relay pickup setting

  • instantaneous overcurrent ground relay pickup setting

  • definite time overcurrent phase relay pickup setting

  • definite time overcurrent ground relay pickup setting

  • time overcurrent phase relay pickup setting—sensitivity check

  • time overcurrent phase relay pickup setting—time delay

  • time overcurrent phase relay pickup setting—upstream coordination

  • time overcurrent ground relay pickup setting—sensitivity check

  • time overcurrent ground relay pickup setting—time delay

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