Political and Historical Encyclopedia of Women 1st Edition by C Faure ISBN 1579582370 9781579582371

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ISBN 10: 1579582370 
ISBN 13: 9781579582371
Author: C Faure

Political and Historical Encyclopedia of Women 1st Table of contents:

1. On The Threshold of Modernity Are Women Capable of Governing?
2. The Salic Law
3. The Salic Law and Juridical Precedents, 1350–1430: Richard Lescot and Jean de Montreuil
4. Human Nature and Historical Precedent (1400–1440): Christine de Pisan
5. French Customary Law and the Law of Nature, 1420–1460: Jean de Terrerouge, Jean Juvénal des Ursins, and Noël de Fribois
6. French Salic Law and the Fundamental Law of the Kingdom, 1460–1550: The “Grand Traité”
7. The Law of Male Succession and the Law of Nature, 1550–1650: Jurists, Historians, and Jean Bodin
8. Bibliography
9. Sources
10. Reference Works
11. Female Sovereignty and the Subordination of Women on the Works of Martin Luther, Jean Calvin, and Jean Bodin
12. The “Querelle des Femmes” and Women’s Exercise of Power in the 16th Century
13. Luther and Calvin on the Question of Female Power
14. Debates on Gynecocracy in England
15. The Position of Public Law: Jean Bodin
16. Bibliography
17. Sources
18. Reference Works
19. Women’s Political and Military Action During the Fronde
20. “Many Women Among the Men”
21. “Capable of Governing or Overthrowing” Great Kingdoms
22. Can the Kingdom “Fall to the Distaff”?
23. The War Expeditions
24. “Are Women Not Every Bit As Worthy As Men?”
25. Bibliography
26. Manuscript Sources
27. Reference Works
28. From Natural Subjection to Conventional Indifference: Women in the Political Thought of Sir Robert Filmer, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke
29. Fundamental Social Structures
30. Hobbes: From Nature to Convention
31. Locke: Limited Entitlements for Women within the Household
32. Theories of Politics: Divine-Rights Naturalism versus Individual Rights
33. Filmer’s Providentialism: A Denial of History
34. Civil Personhood for Women
35. Conclusion
36. Bibliography
37. Sources
38. Reference Works
39. The Age of Revolutions
40. Women’s Role in the English Revolutions
41. Bibliography
42. Sources
43. Reference Works
44. The American Revolution Through Women’s Eyes
45. 1763–1775
46. 1775–1783
47. 1783–1800
48. Bibliography
49. Sources
50. Reference Works
51. Women’s Political Action During the French Revolution
52. 1789: A Turning Point
53. The Fight for Democracy (1790–1791)
54. 1792: Women and Patriotic Mobilization
55. 1793
56. Year II
57. Year III: The Last Movements
58. Bibliography
59. Manuscript Sources
60. Reference Works
61. Print Sources
62. Sex Or Rank? Women’s Status in the Philosophy of the Enlightenment
63. Women’s Rights or Women’s Condition?
64. Republic or Monarchy?
65. Commerce or Economy?
66. Sexual Identity versus Family Life
67. Conclusion
68. Bibliography
69. Sources
70. Reference Works
71. From the Rights of Man to Women’s Rights: A Difficult Intellectual Conversion
72. Invention of the Rights of Man
73. Ambivalence and Prejudice toward Women in French Revolutionary Legislation
74. Offerings and Oaths: Forms of Activist Female Citizenship
75. The Declaration of the Rights of Woman
76. “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”
77. Between Historical Knowledge and Celebration
78. Bibliography
79. Sources
80. Reference
81. Women Militants in the Brabant and Liégeois Revolutions
82. Bibliography
83. Sources
84. Reference Works
85. Women and the Dutch Revolutions of the Late Eighteenth Century
86. Two Revolutions: 1787 and 1795
87. Gender-Related Enlightenment Ideas on Right, Virtue, and Opulence
88. Women’s Role in the Patriot (1787) and Batavian (1795) Revolutions
89. Women’s Support for the Orangists and Counterrevolutionaries
90. Bibliography
91. Sources
92. Reference Works
93. The Trade of Black Women Slaves of the Eighteenth Century
94. Slavery and the Slave Trade from Antiquity to the Modern Era
95. The World Market and the Radical Dehumanization of Black Women
96. Merchants and Merchandise: The Slave Trade and Commercial Alienation
97. Forms of Exploitation in Despotic Societies
98. Women in the Slave Population
99. Women Slaveholders
100. Women as Property
101. Challenging the Despotic Society: The Invention of Societies without Masters
102. Tactical Adaptation
103. Resistance
104. Transitions
105. Conclusion
106. Bibliography
107. Women’s Participation in the Greek Revolution, 1800–1827
108. The National Revolution
109. Neo-Hellenic Enlightenment and the Revolutionary Public Sphere
110. The “Philikí Etaireia” (Friendly Brotherhood)
111. The Revolutionary Forces
112. Revolutionary Events and Civil War (1821–1827)
113. Independence
114. Women in the Struggle for Independence
115. A Profoundly Patriarchal Culture
116. New Spaces for Freedom
117. Spreading Enlightenment in the Service of the Nation
118. Literary Salons and Criticism of Absolutism
119. The Women of the Friendly Brotherhood
120. Calls for International Solidarity
121. … and for Revolutionary Unity
122. “I Wish for a Day of Battle As You Long for a Dance”
123. The Long Gowns of Slavery
124. Bibliography
125. 1826 Women in Philhellenism
126. Spring 1826: The Siege of Missolonghi and Parisian Emotion
127. When the French Grow Bored, They Collect Funds: or, the Origins of the Practice
128. “This Holy Cause”
129. The Vauxhall Concert
130. From Concert to Concert
131. The Ladies’ Committee
132. “This Wonderful Zeal”’
133. Only the “Women Alone” on Their Own …
134. Policing Society the Polis
135. Bibliography
136. Manuscript Sources
137. Reference Works
138. Utopia and Counterutopia Women in the Works of Charles Fourier
139. Building on the Ruins of Revolutionary Ideology: The “Exact Sciences” and Passionate Harmony
140. The Relevance of Fourier Today
141. Origins of Male Domination
142. Disadvantages of Marriage and Paths to Freedom
143. Against the Utopians
144. The Amorous New World: The “Composite Charms” of “Manias,” Sapphism, and Prosapphism
145. Bibliography
146. Sources
147. Reference Works
148. 1848 in Paris
149. Resurrection of the Republic
150. “Women’s Work, One of Our Most Difficult and Serious Problems”
151. National Workshops for Women
152. Dreams and Rights in the Republic
153. “The Social Individual is Man and Woman”
154. London and Brussels: “Unite, My Sisters, and Consolidate Your Rights”
155. The Elections: “Let Us Live Life in Society”
156. Returning Civil Rights to Women
157. George Sand and “La Cause du Peuple”
158. Women on the Barricades
159. An Act Worthy of the Annals of the Revolution
160. Bibliography
161. Manuscript Sources
162. Print Sources
163. Reference Works
164. Newspapers
165. Women in the German States, 1848–1849
166. The German Background
167. The Status of German Women
168. Women’s Activities in the “Vormärz”
169. The German Revolutions: The First Phase: February–October 1848
170. Women’s Institutions of the Revolution
171. The German Revolutions: The Second Phase, November 1848–December 1849
172. Bibliography
173. Sources
174. Reference Works
175. Supplemental bibliography: women and the revolutions of 1848 in europe
176. Belgium
177. England
178. General Sources
179. The Emancipation of Women in the Works of Marx and Engels
180. Early Intellectual Development
181. Critical Criticism: Fleur de Marie
182. Critical Criticism and the Works of Flora Tristan
183. Construction of a Theory
184. Departures from Utopianism
185. Women’s and Children’s Labor
186. The International Workingmen’s Association
187. Lessons of the Paris Commune
188. The International and Women’s Suffrage in the United States
189. Social Progress and the “Feminine Ferment”
190. Bibliography
191. Sources
192. Reference Works
193. 1871: The Paris Commune
194. Conflicting Opinions
195. The Women’s Movement at the End of the Empire
196. André Léo and the “Revendication des Droits de la Femme”
197. Léon Richer and “Le droit des femmes”
198. Women and the Proletariat
199. Fundamental Education for Girls
200. Women and Republicans
201. Women in the Labor Movement
202. Work for Women: A Popular Issue
203. Revolution in Paris
204. “The Women of Paris are Quite Turbulent”
205. “We Are Human, That Is All”
206. Jules Allix and the “Comité des Femmes de la Rue d’Arras”
207. “L’Union des Femmes pour la Défense de Paris et les Soins aux Blesses”
208. The Emancipation of Women Workers
209. Unsung Women Activists
210. Girls’ Education: A Never-Ending Problem
211. Women Taking the Floor, Women Taking up Arms
212. Revolutionary Women Citizens?
213. Aftermath
214. Bibliography
215. Archives
216. Print Sources
217. Reference Works
218. Women in Revolutionary Russia, 1861–1926
219. Russia at the End of the 19th Century
220. Women’s Struggles in the Intelligentsia in the 1860s
221. Going to the People
222. Changes in the Peasant Outlook
223. The Revolution of 1905
224. Aleksandra Kollontai
225. Militant Women Bolsheviks before World War I
226. 1917
227. Bibliography
228. Sources
229. Reference Works
230. Women in the German Revolution Rosa Luxemburg and The Worker’s Councils
231. Bibliography
232. Sources
233. Reference Works
234. The Women’s Section of the Comintern, from Lenin to Stalin
235. Women’s Issues and the Comintern’s Positions of Principle
236. Inessa Armand’s Letter
237. Resistance from the Communist Parties
238. The International Women’s Secretariat
239. The Third Congress of the Communist International
240. Varying Degrees of Implementation
241. The New Line of the Comintern
242. Dissolution of the International Women’s Secretariat
243. Bibliography
244. Manuscript Sources
245. Print Sources
246. STruggles For Democracy
247. Women’s Rights and Suffrage in the United States, 1848–1920
248. The Beginnings
249. The Women’s Rights Movement
250. Toward Citizenship—Avatars of the Right to Vote: The Civil War and After
251. Abolitionists Proclaim “The Negro’s Hour”
252. Suffrage, Sex, and Socialism
253. Philanthropy, Family, and Society
254. Immigration, Labor, and Revolt
255. African-American Women’s Struggles at the Turn of the Century
256. The Final Battle for Women’s Suffrage
257. Conclusion
258. Bibliography
259. Sources
260. Reference Works
261. Women’s Suffrage and Democracy in Canada
262. Affirmation of Civil Rights in the British Colonies of North America
263. Inclusion of Mothers and War Widows in the Civic Realm in English Canada
264. Philanthropy, Nationalism, and Voting Rights in Quebec
265. Conclusions
266. Bibliography
267. Sources
268. Reference Works
269. From Women’s Rights to Feminism in Europe, 1860–1914
270. Success of a Word
271. The Philosophy of Women’s Rights
272. Lobbying for Women’s Rights
273. Emergence of Feminism as a Political and Social Force
274. Limits of Success: The Marginality of Feminism
275. Feminist Dynamics
276. British Suffragettes
277. In Search of Feminine Subjectivity
278. Bibliography
279. Manuscript Sources
280. Newspapers and Reviews
281. Print Sources
282. Reference Works
283. Political Rights of European Women: An Assessment of the Two World Wars
284. Women’s Suffrage: A Contentious Issue
285. Paths of Women’s Suffrage in Europe: A National Revolution?
286. The British Model of Parliamentary Reform
287. A 50-Year Campaign
288. Prehistory
289. Activist Politics of the Suffragettes
290. World War I
291. Institutionalization of Reforms: The French Model
292. Women’s Rights Activists of the Past
293. Governmental Silence, a Prince’s Decisions, and the “Dynamics of Difference”
294. Conclusions: “Representation” or Decision?
295. Bibliography
296. Sources
297. Reference Works
298. WOmen’s Role in the Spanish Civil War
299. Toward Equality: Women under the Second Republic
300. Women’s Right to Vote
301. Antifascism and Revolution: Women’s Role in the Civil War
302. Women’s Organizations
303. Women Fighting in the Militia: Symbol and Reality
304. Women in the Civil Resistance on the Home Front
305. Bibliography
306. Sources
307. Oral Sources
308. Reference Works
309. The Feminine Condition Under Nazism TRadition, Modernity, and Racial Hierarchization
310. A Problematic Gathering
311. Women’s Position as Determined by the Nazi Regime’s Objectives
312. Militarization of the Economy and Selective Utilization of Women’s Potential
313. The Decisive Turning-Point of 1938
314. Twilight of the Idols
315. Notes
316. Rote Kapelle (Red Orchestra)
317. Weisse Rose (White Rose)
318. Bibliography
319. Archives
320. Reference Works
321. Women’s Collaboration and Resistance Under Italian Fascism
322. The Secular Cult of the Mother
323. Women’s Integration into the Nation
324. Fascist Policy on Women
325. Modernization of Daily Life
326. Housewives and Gymnasts
327. Catholic Women and Fascism
328. Antifascist Women and the War
329. The Resistance
330. Bibliography
331. Sources
332. Reference Works
333. Women in Vichy France
334. War’s Disorder
335. Vichy, Fatherland, National Revolution, and the Role of the Sexes
336. On the Family Front
337. Hardships and Suffering
338. Women’s Labor or State Opportunism
339. A Resistance of Solidarity and Commitment
340. Women’s Involvement in the Resistance
341. Modes of Action
342. Women and Collaboration
343. Purged Women More than Collaborators
344. Vichy and After
345. Bibliography
346. Sources
347. Reference Works
348. Women and Salazarism
349. The Family: Cornerstone of Society
350. The New State and Women’s Movements
351. Women’s Organizations under Salazar’s Regime
352. Female Catholic Organizations
353. The Survival of Reformist Feminism
354. Fascism, Catholicism, and Women
355. Bibliography
356. Liberty and Equality for Women in the Socialist Countries of Eastern Europe, 1960–1980
357. The “New Woman”
358. Woman as Citizen
359. Women in the Workforce
360. Mother and Educator of Children
361. The “Cook” Who Runs the State
362. Feminism in Eastern Europe
363. Bibliography
364. Feminism in the 1970s
365. Emergence of the Feminist Movement
366. Feminist Movements in the United States
367. Canada
368. Great Britain
369. Germany
370. France
371. Italy
372. The Netherlands
373. Denmark, Norway, and Sweden
374. Ireland
375. Spain and Portugal
376. Greece
377. The Formalism of Antiformalism
378. The Feminism of the 1970s as a Conceptual Shift
379. Sexual Dependency and Sexual Autonomy
380. Economic Exploitation
381. From Direct Action to Campaigns of Mass Mobilization
382. Feminism, a New Social Movement?
383. On Woman as Subject
384. Bibliography
385. Universal Suffrage and Direct Democracy The Swiss Case, 1848–1990
386. Women as Citizens but Not Voters
387. Women’s Issues Come into Prominence
388. The Contradictory Origins of the Issue of Women’s Suflfrage
389. The Triumph of Gender Conservatism
390. Escalating Demands and Intergenerational Encounters: From Suffragists to the Women’s Liberation Movement
391. The Effects of Direct (or Semidirect) Democracy
392. Bibliography
393. Sources
394. Reference Works
395. Women and Islam in the West Danièle djamila amrane-minne
396. Muslims in the West
397. Women’s Status in Islam
398. France: Massive Integration Hidden Behind a Few Veils
399. Women as the Impetus for the Definitive Establishment of Islam in the West
400. Transgression of a Taboo: Marriage with a Non-Muslim
401. Great Britain: Community Withdrawal and Constraints upon Women
402. Canada: Fatima Houda-Pépin, First Muslim Deputy to Be Elected in the West: A Symbiosis of Islam and Western Values
403. The United States: Compensating for Rascism
404. Bibliography
405. Centers and Information Networks
406. Turkish Immigrant Women in Europe
407. Women and Patterns in Turkish Immigration
408. Women and Turkish Modernization
409. Islam in Immigrant Life
410. Endogamy and Community Insularity
411. Bibliography
412. THe Political Success of Scandinavian Women Elisabeth elgán
413. Large Numbers of Women in Politics
414. Four Small Countries
415. Recent Democracies
416. Social, Economic, and Historical Inequalities
417. Networks, Movements, Actions
418. Gains in Momentum during the 1970s
419. Women’s Trump Cards
420. Structural Flexibility
421. Bibliography
422. Women’s Representation in Parliaments and Political Parties in Europe and North America
423. Voting and Being Elected
424. Women Pioneers of Electoral Rights
425. Successive Waves until the 1930s
426. After World War II
427. Conditions and Restrictions
428. From Political Conscience to the Electoral Act
429. Europe and North America
430. Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific
431. Rules, Procedures, and Practice
432. Women in Parliaments
433. An Unrealized Ideal
434. 1995–2002 in North America and Europe
435. Progress, Stagnation, or Regression
436. What Is the Explanation?
437. The European Parliament
438. Women’s Role in Parliaments
439. Positions of Responsibility in Parliament
440. Making a Difference
441. Political Parties
442. Strong Female Participation at the Base
443. Women’s Ascent to Leadership of Political Parties
444. Women’s Branches of Parties
445. Getting Elected, But How?
446. Securing a Nomination
447. The Electoral System
448. Quotas and Their Effects
449. Alternative Paths: Appointments and Reserved Seats
450. Women’s Parties
451. Bibliography
452. United Nations
453. Publications of the Inter-Parliamentary Union
454. Building Equality in the Policies of International Organizations
455. The United Nations Organization
456. The Commission on the Status of Women
457. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
458. The Conferences
459. The Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
460. The Beijing World Conference on Women
461. Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
462. The European Social Charter
463. Political Representation and Equality: The Quota System and Parity
464. The European Economic Community/European Union
465. The Pioneering Role of the Community’s Jurisprudence
466. The Directives
467. Impact on National Legislation
468. The Treaty of Amsterdam
469. Inadequate Individual Guarantees and Promotion of Positive Action
470. Conclusions: The Road to Equality
471. Bibliography
472. Documents of the Three International Organizations United Nations
473. European Council
474. The European Economic Community/European Community
475. Community Directives
476. Recommendations
477. Resolutions
478. Commission of the European Communities
479. European Parliament
480. Studies and Publications by the Commission of the European Communities or with Their Cooperation
481. Women of Europe Supplements
482. Social Europe (journal)

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