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Plato and Aristotle on Constitutionalism An Exposition and Reference Source 1st Edition by Raymond Polin ISBN 0429826664 9780429448096

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Author(s): Raymond Polin
ISBN(s): 9780429448096, 0429826664
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 21.88 MB
Year: 2020
Language: english
SKU: EB-51847728 Categories: , Tag:

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ISBN 10: 0429826664 
ISBN 13: 9780429448096
Author: Raymond Polin

First published in 1998, this volume compares the political ideals and ideas of Plato and Aristotle to examine whether they are relevant in that era of American constitutional crisis. The author, Raymond Polin, felt that debate had been hampered by focusing too strongly on America’s existing constitutional system, and hoped that exploring the roots of Western political tradition and alternative conceptions of constitutionalism might increase the kind of understanding humanity should seek. He considers concepts of constitutionalism, gives summary accounts of the philosophers’ lives and times, identify their key political ideas and reproduces some of their work verbatim, with the aim being to serve as a textbook for constitutional education. It will be of interest to teachers and students of the American system of government.

Plato and Aristotle on Constitutionalism An Exposition and Reference Source 1st Table of contents:

I. The Idea of Constitutionalism

  • Overview

  • Confusion of Staticism with Stability

  • Nomenclature

  • Need for Nomenclature

  • Constitutionalism

  • Corrective Constitutionalism

  • Preventive Constitutionalism

  • Curative Constitutionalism

  • Institutional Arrangements

  • Inherent Limitations

  • Mixed, Balanced Government

  • Assessments

II. Athenian Constitutional Background

  • Overview

  • The Passing of Athenian and Greek Supremacy

  • The Peloponnesian War

  • Class War

  • Assessments

III. Biographical Note on Plato

  • Early Years

  • Birth and Lineage

  • Connections with the White Terror

  • Influence of Socrates and the Sophists

  • Middle Years

  • Plato in Sicily and Italy

  • Plato and the Academy

  • Final Years

  • Life’s Work

  • Life’s End

  • Problem of Interpretation

IV. Plato’s Ideal Political Theory: The Republic

  • Overview

  • Exposition

  • Imperfect Government by Fallible Men Requires Justice

  • Elitism, Asceticism, and Education

  • Indoctrination and Education for Justice and Security Based on Specialization and Hierarchy

  • Balancing and Unifying of Classes

  • Environmentalism, Eugenics, and Religion

  • Cardinal Virtues of the Ideal State

  • Justice Based on Hierarchical Specialization

  • Women, Breeding, and Social Mobility

  • Doubt of Practicability

  • Scepticism, Philosophy, and Praxis

  • Cycle of Forms of Government

    • Aristocracy Yields to Timocracy

    • Timocracy Yields to Oligarchy

    • Oligarchy Yields to Democracy

  • Description of Democracy

  • Democracy Breeds Tyranny

  • Tyranny Worst and Kingship Best

  • Divine Rule

  • Assessments

V. Plato’s More Realistic Political Theory: The Statesman

  • Overview

  • Exposition

  • Scientific and Imitative Forms of Government

  • Inherent Human Capabilities

  • Good Laws and Wise Rulers

  • A Heaven-born Race and System

  • Assessments

VI. Plato’s More Sophisticated Political Theory: The Laws

  • Overview

  • Exposition

  • Peace and Happiness Preferable to War

  • The Golden Cord between God and Humanity and among Humanity: Reason and Law Intertwined

  • A Multiple Governmental Contract

  • Ignorance a Cause of Ruin

  • Natural Right to Rule

  • Division of Powers with Checks and Balances

  • Constitutional Monarchy Advocated

  • Rugged, Masculine Education to Produce Strong Character

  • Rule of Law by Elected Magistrates Conducive to Patriotism and Unity

  • Danger of Too Much Freedom for the Multitude

  • Location and Composition of Colonies

  • God and the Tyrant Legislate Together

  • Hierarchical Polity and the Rule of Law

  • God’s Will is Justice

  • Example and Admonition to Train the Young

  • Purification or Purging of the State

  • Three Best Forms of the State

  • Limitation of Riches and Occupation

  • Location and Division of the City

  • Need to Select Qualified Officeholders

  • The Council of Thirty-Seven

  • The Council of 360

  • Organization and Administration of the City

  • Education and the Courts

  • Legislation, Marriage, and Mathematics Directed to Virtue

  • Regulation of Individuals for Public Good

  • Education and the Role of Inherent Limitations

  • On Sexual Morality, Crafts and Trade, and Residence

  • On Crime and Punishment

  • A Hierarchical Cosmos of Callings

  • Ethical, Economic and Legal Principles

  • Public Theft and Checking on Public Officials

  • The Cosmic Connection

  • Hierarchy of Courts, Cases, and Burials

  • The Nocturnal Council: Guardians, Virtuous, and Wise

  • Seriousness of Purpose of the Laws

  • Assessments

VII. Biographical Note on Aristotle

  • Early Years

  • Youth in Macedonia

  • Early Years in Athens and Marriage

  • Aristotle and Alexander

  • Tutorship

  • Questionable Extent of Aristotle’s Influence on Alexander

  • Years of Maturity

  • Aristotle and the Lyceum

  • Final Years

VIII. Concepts Aristotle Explicated: The Athenian Constitution

  • Overview

  • Exposition

  • Council of Areopagus as Protector of Laws

  • Solon: Political and Economic Reforms to Abate Class Warfare

  • Peisistratus: Stability through Agricultural Reform and Kindly Rule

  • Cleisthenes, Pericles, and Theramenes: Law, the Personal Equation, and Democracy

  • Council and Assembly: Checks and Balances or Division of Functions?

  • Arbitration and Appeal to Jury-Courts

  • Prior, Continuing, and Post Examination of Top Officials

  • Assessments

IX. Concepts Aristotle Advocated: The Politics

  • Overview

  • Exposition

  • Organological, Hierarchical State Based on Human Nature and Reason: The Role of Law and Justice

  • Favours Diversity over Oneness

  • Favours Diversity, Equality, Freedom, and Rotation in Office

  • Favours Family Life and Private Property

  • Opposes Plato’s Emphasis on Unity

  • Favours Wider Participation and More Liberality

  • Favours Mixed, Balanced Government of Polity, but not Plato’s Version

  • Favours Private Property, Moderation, Philosophy, Training, and Justice

  • Favours Sufficient, Not Excessive, Military Strength and Wealth

  • Favours Necessary Changes in Law and Custom

  • On Serfdom and Women as Sources of Trouble

  • Favours Property Reform, Mixed Constitution, Safeguards, and the Qualified

  • Criticism of Spartan Militarism and Public Finance

  • Criticism of Carthaginian Oligarchy

  • Good Citizen and Good Man May Vary

  • Definition and Types of Constitution

  • Oligarchical and Democratic Confusion of Justice Lead to Rule of Law

  • The Case for Popular Sovereignty

  • Dealing with the Superior Few

  • Personal Rule of a King or Rule of Law and God?

  • Where the Laws Do Not Govern, There Is No Constitution

  • Constitutional Forms: Kingship, Oligarchy; Democracy, Aristocracy, and Polity

  • Polity: A Realistic Theory of Human Nature and Politics

  • Specialization in Processes of Government

  • General Causes of Sedition, Revolution, and Constitutional Change

  • Specific Causes of Sedition, Revolution, and Constitutional Change

  • Demagoguery Changes Democracy to Oligarchy or Tyranny

  • Demagoguery and Sedition by the Excluded May Change Oligarchy to Tyranny, Polity, or Democracy

  • Causes of Change in Aristocracy

  • Ten Methods of Preserving Governments

  • Qualifications of Chief Officers and More General Principles to Ensure Stability

  • Causes of Destruction of Monarchy, Whether Kingship or Tyranny

  • Methods of Preservation of Monarchy, Whether Kingship or Tyranny

  • Nature and Preservation of Democracy

  • Preservation of Oligarchy

  • Categories of Public Officials

  • Size and Location of the City-State

  • Necessary Elements and Services of a State

  • Land-Division to Provide Classes, Common-Messes, and Military Security

  • Man’s Rational and Ethical Nature Make Him Educable and the Good State Possible

  • Eugenical Marriage and Procreation

  • Some Principles of Education of the Young

  • Educational Subjects: Reading, Writing, Drawing, Gymnastics, and Music

  • Assessments

X. Comparisons and Conclusions

  • Overview

  • Points of Constitutional Agreement

  • Points of Constitutional Disagreement

  • Platonic and Aristotelian Contributions to Constitutionalism

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Tags: Raymond Polin, Plato, Aristotle, Constitutionalism