Plant Nutrition and Soil Fertility Manual 2nd Edition by J Benton Jones Jr ISBN 1439816107 9781439816103

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ISBN 10: 1439816107 
ISBN 13: 9781439816103
Author: J Benton Jones Jr

Plant Nutrition and Soil Fertility Manual 2nd Table of contents:

Section I Introduction and Basic Principles
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Management Requirements
1.2 Productivity Factors
1.3 Climatic Factors
1.4 Moving Up the Yield Scale
1.5 Product Quality
Chapter 2 Soil Fertility Principles
2.1 Fertile Soil Defined
2.2 Making and Keeping a Soil Fertile
2.3 Biological Factors
2.4 An Ideal Soil
2.5 Soil Fertility Management Concepts
2.6 Multiple Factor Yield Influence
2.7 Soil Condition Related to Deficiency in a Major Element and Micronutrient
2.7.1 Major Elements
2.7.2 Micronutrients
2.8 Elemental Content of the Soil and Soil Solution
Chapter 3 Plant Nutrition Principles
3.1 Photosynthesis
3.2 The Function of Plants
3.3 Determination of Essentiality
3.4 Essential Element Content in Plants
3.5 Classification of the Thirteen Essential Mineral Elements
3.6 Role of the Essential Plant Nutrient Elements
3.7 Plant Nutrient Element Sources
3.8 Element Absorption and Translocation
3.9 Elemental Accumulation
3.10 Element Absorption and Plant Genetics
3.11 Plant Nitrogen Fixation
3.12 Diagnostic Plant Symptoms of Essential Plant Nutrient Element Insufficiencies
Chapter 4 The Plant Root
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Root Function
4.3 Root Hairs
4.4 Lateral Roots
4.5 The Rhizosphere
4.6 Root Ion Absorption
4.7 Root Crops
Chapter 5 How to Be a Diagnostician
5.1 The Diagnostic Approach
5.2 Being a Diagnostician
5.3 Diagnostic Factors
5.4 Evaluating Diagnostic Procedures
5.5 Scouting
5.6 Weather Conditions
5.7 Factors Affecting Essential Nutrient Element Concentrations in Plants
5.8 Plant (Crop) Wilting
5.9 Summary
5.10 Certified Crop Advisor Programs
Section II Physical and Physiochemical Characteristics of Soil
Chapter 6 Soil Taxonomy, Horizontal Characteristics, and Clay Minerals
6.1 Soil Orders (U.S. System of Soil Taxonomy)
6.2 Designations for Soil Horizons and Layers
Chapter 7 Physical Properties of Soils
7.1 Textural Classification
7.2 Soil Separates or Primary Soil Separates
7.3 Soil Separate Properties
7.4 Soil Texture Characterization Definitions
7.5 Soil Structure
7.6 Tillage Practices
7.7 Water-Holding Capacity
Chapter 8 Physiochemical Properties of Soil
8.1 Soil Separate Properties
8.2 Major Phyllosilicate Minerals in Soils
8.3 Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of a Soil Based on Texture
8.4 Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) Determination of a Soil
8.5 Anion Exchange Capacity
Chapter 9 Soil pH: Its Determination and Interpretation
9.1 Definitions
9.2 Causes of Soil Acidity
9.3 Water pH Determination of Mineral Soil, Organic Soil, and Organic Soilless Rooting Media
9.4 pH Determination Using a Calibrated pH Meter
9.5 Another Soil pH Determination Procedure
9.6 Salt pH Determination for a Mineral Soil
9.7 pH Interpretation: Mineral Soil
9.8 pH Interpretation: Organic Soils
9.9 pH Interpretation: Organic Soilless Medium
9.10 Soil pH Constancy
9.11 Plant Root Function
9.12 Soil Acidity and NPK Fertilizer Efficiency
9.13 Soil pH Effect on Elemental Availability and/or Soil Solution Composition
9.14 Soil Buffer pH
9.15 pH Determination of Water
Chapter 10 Soil Organic Matter
10.1 Definitions of Soil Organic Matter and Its Components
10.1.1 Definitions
10.2 Humus
10.3 Soil Organic Matter Characteristics
10.3.1 Physical Characteristics
10.3.2 Physicochemical Characteristics
10.3.3 Biological Characteristics
10.3.4 Sources of Soil Organic Matter
10.3.5 Content
10.4 Methods of Soil Organic Matter Determination
10.5 Management Requirements for High Organic Matter Content Soils
10.6 Adverse Effects of Organic Matter Additions
Section III Plant Elemental Requirements and Associated Elements
Chapter 11 Major Essential Plant Elements
11.1 Terminology
11.2 Methods of Expression
11.3 Established Date for Essentiality/Researchers
11.4 Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
11.5 Major Essential Element Properties
11.5.1 Nitrogen (N)
11.5.2 Phosphorus (P)
11.5.3 Potassium (K)
11.5.4 Calcium (Ca)
11.5.5 Magnesium (Mg)
11.5.6 Sulfur (S)
Chapter 12 Micronutrients Considered Essential to Plants
12.1 Terminology
12.2 Established Date for Essentiality/Researchers
12.3 Content and Function
12.4 Soil and Plant Species Associations
12.5 Micronutrient Characteristics
12.6 Micronutrient Properties
12.6.1 Boron (B)
12.6.2 Chlorine (Cl)
12.6.3 Copper (Cu)
12.6.4 Iron (Fe)
12.6.5 Manganese (Mn)
12.6.6 Molybdenum (Mo)
12.6.7 Zinc (Zn)
12.7 Possible Additional Essential Micronutrients
12.7.1 Nickel (Ni)
12.7.2 Silicon (Si)
Chapter 13 Elements Considered Beneficial to Plants
13.1 The A to Z Nutrient Solution
13.2 Elements Essential for Animals
13.3 Basis for Essentiality for Beneficial Elements
13.4 Potential Essential Elements
13.4.1 Cobalt (Co)
13.4.2 Silicon (Si)
13.4.3 Nickel (NI)
13.5 New Beneficial Elements
13.6 Element Substitution
13.7 Form of Response
13.8 Summary
Chapter 14 Elements Considered Toxic to Plants
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Nature of Elemental Toxicity
14.3 Aluminum and Copper Toxicity
14.4 Other Elements
14.5 Plant Species Factor
14.6 The Heavy Metals
Chapter 15 Trace Elements Found in Plants
15.1 Definition
15.2 Elements Categorized as Trace Elements
15.3 High Soil Content Elements
15.4 Availability Factors
15.5 Accumulator Plants and Elements
15.6 Symbiotic Element
Section IV Methods of Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Assessment
Chapter 16 Soil Testing
16.1 Purposes
16.2 Field Sampling
16.2.1 Best Time to Soil Sample
16.2.2 Subsoil Sampling
16.2.3 Soil Preparation for Laboratory Submission
16.3 Soil Laboratory Selection
16.4 Laboratory Soil Testing Procedures
16.5 Interpretation of a Soil Test Result
16.5.1 Word Designation
16.5.2 Critical Values
16.5.3 Ratio Concept of Soil Interpretation
16.6 Soil Test Result Tracking (Monitoring)
16.7 Liming and Fertilizer Use Strategies
Chapter 17 Plant Analysis and Tissue Testing
17.1 Plant Analysis Objectives
17.2 Sequence of Procedures
17.3 Sampling Techniques
17.3.1 When to Sample
17.3.2 Number of Samples and Plants to Sample
17.3.3 Lack of Homogeneity
17.3.4 Petioles
17.3.5 Comparative Plant Tissue Samples
17.3.6 What Not to Sample
17.3.7 Collecting a Soil Sample
17.4 Plant Tissue Handling, Preparation, and Analysis
17.4.1 Dry Weight Preservation
17.4.2 Sources of Contamination
17.4.3 Decontamination
17.4.5 Elemental Analysis Procedures
17.4.6 Elemental Content
17.4.7 Expression of Analytical Results
17.5 Methods of Interpretation
17.5.1 Critical Values
17.5.2 Standard Values
17.5.3 Sufficiency Range
17.5.4 Expected Elemental Content Range in Plant Tissue
17.5.5 Excessive or Toxic Concentrations
17.5.6 Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS)
17.6 Word Classification of Elemental Concentrations
17.7 Plant Analysis as a Diagnostic Technique
17.8 Experience Required
17.9 Data Logging/Tracking of Plant Analyses
17.10 Utilization of Plant Analyses for Nutrient Element Management
17.11 Tissue Testing
17.12 Indirect Evaluation Procedures
Section V Amendments for Soil Fertility Maintenance
Chapter 18 Lime and Liming Materials
18.1 Liming Terms
18.2 Liming Materials
18.3 Liming Materials and Their Calcium Carbonate Equivalents (CCEs)
18.4 Mesh Size
18.5 Quality Factor Designation
18.6 Lime Requirement (LR)
18.7 Soil Test Ratio of Ca to Mg Determines Form of Limestone to Apply
18.8 Liming Rate Determined by Acidifying Effect of Fertilizer
18.9 Lime Shock
18.10 Lime Incorporation
18.11 Depth of Incorporation
18.12 Subsoil pH
Chapter 19 Inorganic Chemical Fertilizers and Their Properties
19.1 Definitions
19.2 Fertilizer Terminology
19.3 Characteristics of the Major Elements as Fertilizer
19.4 Conversion Factors for the Major Essential Fertilizer Elements
19.5 Characteristics of the Micronutrients as Fertilizer
19.6 The Physical and Chemical Properties of Fertilizers
19.6.1 Inorganic
19.6.2 Fertilizer Factors
19.6.3 Soil Factors
19.7 Naturally Occurring Inorganic Fertilizers
19.7.1 Rock Phosphate
19.7.2 Potassium Chloride (KCl) and Potassium Sulfate (K2SO4)
19.7.3 Limestone
Chapter 20 Organic Fertilizers and Their Properties
20.1 Value
20.2 Composted Animal Manures
20.3 Animal Manure Major Element Composition
20.4 Other Organic Materials
20.5 Soil and Plant Factors
Chapter 21 Fertilizer Placement
21.1 Objectives
21.2 Methods of Fertilizer Placement
21.2.1 Banding
21.2.2 Surface Strip or Dribble Banding
21.2.3 Deep Banding
21.2.4 High Pressure Injection
21.2.5 Point Injection of Fluids
21.2.6 Point Placement of Solids
21.2.7 Starter
21.2.8 Sidedressing
21.2.9 Fertigation
21.2.10 Foliar Fertilization
Chapter 22 Soil Water, Irrigation, and Water Quality
22.1 Soil Water Terminology
22.2 Soil Factors Affecting Soil Water-Holding Capacity and Movement
22.3 Drainage
22.4 Irrigation Methods
22.5 Irrigation Water Quality
22.6 Water Treatment Procedures
22.7 What Is Water?
Section VI Methods of Soilless Plant Production
Chapter 23 Hydroponics
23.1 Hydroponics Defined
23.2 Historical Events
23.3 Hydroponic Techniques
23.4 Hydroponic Growing Systems
23.4.1 Systems Without the Use of a Rooting Medium
23.4.1.1 Aerated Standing or Circulated Aerated Nutrient Solution
23.4.1.2 Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)
23.4.1.3 Aeroponics
23.4.2 Systems With the Use of a Rooting Medium
23.4.2.1 Flood-and-Drain (Ebb-and-Flow)
23.4.2.2 Drip Irrigation
23.4.2.3 Sub-irrigation
23.5 Rooting Media
23.6 Water Quality
23.7 The Nutrient Solution
23.7.1 Elemental Content
23.7.2 Elemental Forms
23.7.3 Concentration Ranges and Ratios
23.7.4 Nitrate and Ammonium
23.7.5 Beneficial Elements
23.7.6 Chelates
23.7.7 Nutrient Solution/Water Temperature
23.7.8 pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC)
23.7.9 Other Factors
23.7.10 Nutrient Solution Elemental Content Determination and Monitoring
23.7.11 Use Factors
23.8 Reagents and Nutrient Solution Formulations
23.9 Concentration Ranges and Ratios
23.10 pH Interpretation-Hydroponic Nutrient Solution
23.11 Reconstitution of the Nutrient Solution
23.12 Accumulation of Nutrient Elements and Precipitates
Chapter 24 Soilless Rooting Growing Media
24.1 Soilless Media Ingredients
24.2 Soilless Media Formulations
24.3 Physical Properties
24.4 Physiochemical Properties
24.5 Control of pH
24.6 Use Formulations
24.7 Bag Culture Systems
24.8 Fertility Determination Procedure for an Organic Soilless Mix
Section VII Miscellaneous
Chapter 25 Organic Farming/Gardening
25.1 Chemicalization of Crop Production
25.2 “Organically Grown” Defined
25.3 Suitable Inorganic Fertilizers
25.4 Suitable Organic Fertilizers
25.5 Organic Soil Fertility Management
25.6 Soil Physical Properties
25.7 Food Safety and Quality Issues
Chapter 26 Weather and Climatic Conditions
26.1 Definitions
26.2 Climatic Factors
26.2.1 Air Temperature
26.2.2 Rainfall
26.2.3 Wind
26.2.4 Solar Radiation Intensity and Duration
26.2.5 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
26.3 Weather as a Diagnostic Factor
Chapter 27 Best Management Practices (BMPs)
27.1 Origin
27.2 Best Management Practice Application Broadened
27.3 Best Practice
27.4 Important Protocol Considerations
27.5 Precision Farming
Appendices
Appendix A: Glossary
Appendix B: Formulation and Use of Soil Extraction Reagents
B.1 Historical Background
B.2 Extraction Reagents
B.3 Soil Sample Preparation
B.4 Extraction Reagent Formulations and Use
B.5 Extraction Procedures for the Micronutrients
Appendix C: Preparation Procedures and Elemental Content Determination for Plant Tissue
C.1 Plant Tissue Preparation Procedures
C.1.1 Moisture Removal
C.1.2 Particle Size Reduction
C.1.3 Organic Matter Destruction
C.2 Elemental Content Determinations
C.3 Tissue Testing Extraction Procedures
Appendix D: Weights and Measures
Metric Conversion Chart
Equivalent GFS Package Sizes (not exact conversions)
Units of Length and Area
Units of Capacity
Units of Liquid Measure
Temperature Conversions
Liquid Measure
Length of Row per Acre at Various Row Spacings
Number of Plants per Acre at Various Spacings
Length of Row per Acre at Various Row Spacings
Number of Plants per Acre at Various Spacings
Reference Books and Texts

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