Planning Sustainable Cities Global Report on Human Settlements 2009 1st Edition by Un Habitat ISBN 921132162X 9789211321630

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ISBN 10: 921132162X 
ISBN 13: 9789211321630
Author: Un Habitat

Planning Sustainable Cities Global Report on Human Settlements 2009 1st Table of contents:

Part I Challenges and Context
1 Urban Challenges and the Need to Revisit Urban Planning
Urban Challenges of the 21st century
Main forces affecting urban change
Urban change
Why Does Urban Planning Need to Change?
Modern urban planning
The ‘gap’ between outdated planning approaches and current urban issues
Problems with previous (modernist) approaches to urban planning
Why Is there a Revived Interest in Urban Planning?
The role of planning in addressing rapid urbanization, urban poverty and slums
The role of planning in addressing sustainable urban development and climate change
The role of planning in addressing urban crime and violence
The role of planning in addressing post-conflict and post-disaster situations
Potentials Offered by New Approaches to Urban Planning
Strategic spatial planning and its variants
Spatial planning as a tool for integrating public-sector functions
Approaches to land regularization and management
Participatory processes and partnerships in planning
Approaches promoted by international agencies: The Urban Management Programme and sector programmes
New forms of master planning
New urban forms: The ‘compact city’ and ‘new urbanism’
Defining Urban Planning and Identifying Normative Principles
Definitions of planning
Normative principles to guide revised approaches to urban planning
Organization of the Report
Part I – Challenges and context
Part II – Global trends: The urban planning process (procedural)
Part III – Global trends: The content of urban plans (substantive)
Part IV – Global trends: Monitoring, evaluation and education
Part V – Future policy directions
Concluding Remarks
Notes
2 Understanding the Diversity of Urban Contexts
Urbanization and Demographic Trends
Developed and transitional countries
Developing countries
Planning implications of urbanization and demographic trends
City Size and Spatial Forms
Developed and transitional countries
Developing countries
Planning implications of city size and spatial form
Urban Economic Contexts
Developed and transitional countries
Developing countries
Planning implications of urban economic context
Location and Vulnerability to Natural and Human-Made Disasters
Developed and transitional countries
Developing countries
Planning implications of vulnerability to natural and human disasters
Concluding Remarks
Notes
Part II Global Trends: The Urban Planning Process (Procedural)
3 The Emergence and Spread of Contemporary Urban Planning
Early Forms of Urban Planning
Middle East and North Africa
Western Europe
Latin America
East and South-East Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
East and Central Europe
The Emergence of Modernist Planning
The Global Spread of Modernist Planning
Mechanisms for the transfer of planning ideas
The influence of modernist planning in various parts of the world
The Persistence of Modernist Urban Planning
Extent of persistence of older approaches to urban planning
Why modernist approaches to urban planning have persisted
Why modernist approaches to planning are problematic
Innovative Approaches to Urban Planning
Strategic spatial planning
Spatial planning tools for integrating public sector functions
New approaches to land regularization and management
Participatory processes and partnerships in planning
Approaches promoted by international agencies: The Urban Management Programme and sector programmes
New forms of master planning
New urban forms: ‘New urbanism’ and the ‘compact city’
Concluding Remarks
Notes
4 The Institutional and Regulatory Framework for Planning
Planning and Governance
Urban governance and government
The challenge of urban governance
Planning, urban governance and power relations
Promoting ‘good governance’
Planning Institutions and the Institutionalization of Planning Practices
Institutions as wider norms and practices
Institutions as specific agencies and organizations
The institutional design and redesign of urban planning systems
Legal Systems and the Distribution of Rights and Responsibilities
Land and Property Ownership and Development Institutions
Planning Systems, Agencies and Regulation
Planning regulation
The location of planning agencies and formal responsibilities
Decentralization and local capacity
Policy integration and institutional coordination
Plan Formulation and Implementation
Planning tools and resources
Policy communities, stakeholders and planning arenas
Concluding Remarks
Notes
5 Planning, Participation and Politics
Characteristics and Forms of Participatory Urban Planning
Gender in Participatory Urban Planning
Global Trends in Urban Planning, Participation and Politics
Developed countries
Sub-Saharan Africa
Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
Factors shaping the processes and outcomes of participatory urban planning
Innovative Approaches to Participatory Urban Planning
Participation in local planning
Participation in city-level and strategic decision-making
Enhancing Participation in Urban Planning
An enabling political context and system
A strong legal basis for planning and participation
Understanding the pitfalls of participatory approaches
Sufficient resources to support participatory processes
Participatory mechanisms relevant to the scale and purpose of planning
Successful participation: Conditions and characteristics
Concluding Remarks
Notes
Part III Global Trends: The Content of Urban Plans (Substantive)
6 Bridging the Green and Brown Agendas
Sustainable Urban Development: The Green and Brown Agendas
The green and brown agendas
Innovations in Achieving Green and Brown Synergies: Global Trends
Development of renewable energy
Striving for carbon-neutral cities
Distributed power and water systems
Increasing photosynthetic spaces as part of green infrastructure
Improving eco-efficiency
Increasing sense of place
Sustainable transport
Developing cities without slums
ddressing the Green and Brown Agendas through Urban Planning and Governance
Urban planning for sustainable urban development
Governance for sustainable urban development
Concluding Remarks
Notes
7 Planning and Informality
Informality
Characteristics of Urban Informality
Global Trends in Urban Informality and Expansion
Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
Africa
Developed and transitional countries
Factors Affecting Informality
Innovative Planning Responses to Informality
Alternatives to eviction
Regularization and upgrading of informally developed areas
Influencing development actors by strategic use of planning tools
Working with informal economic actors to manage public space and provide services
Responding to Informality through Planning and Governance
Concluding Remarks
Notes
8 Planning, Spatial Structure of Cities and Provision of Infrastructure
Urban Spatial Trends, Infrastructure and Exclusion
Spatial Planning, the Privatization of Infrastructure Development and Mega-Projects
Master planning and infrastructure
Private-sector led infrastructure development
Mega-projects
The Influence of Infrastructure on Urban Spatial Structure and Access
Transport systems and networks
Water, sewerage, electricity and telecommunications
Infrastructure and inclusive local planning
The Compact City Debate: Sustainability, Efficiency and Inclusiveness
The compact city debate
The relevance of compaction ideas to developing countries
Cost efficiency and compaction
Contemporary Approaches to Linking Spatial Planning to Urban Infrastructure
Smart growth and transit-oriented development
Integrating land use and transportation
Strategic spatial planning and infrastructure planning
Integrated urban management and development plans
Strategic structure planning
Linking spatial planning to infrastructure planning
Linking mega-projects and major infrastructural developments to spatial planning
Concluding Remarks
Notes
Part IV Global Trends: Monitoring, Evaluation and Education
9 The Monitoring and Evaluation of Urban Plans
Types of Monitoring and Evaluation
Current Practice in Urban Programme and Plan Evaluation
Evaluation of project, policy or programme suitability in plan-making
The evaluation of plan and programme performance
Indicators and urban plan evaluation
Caveats and Considerations in the Monitoring and Evaluation of Urban Plans
Concluding Remarks
Notes
10 Planning Education
Historical Development of Planning Education
Design versus policy
Rationality versus deliberation
Master planning versus development management
‘One world’ versus context-specific planning education
Planning Schools Worldwide
Regional distribution of planning schools
Characteristics of planning schools
Curriculum emphasis
School connections with other schools and professional networks
Capacity for Educational Support of Planning Practice
Concluding Remarks
Notes
Part V Future Policy Directions
11 Towards a New Role for Urban Planning
The Main Issues for Urban Planning in Different Parts of the World
Global urban planning issues
Urban planning issues in developing countries
Urban planning issues in transitional countries
Urban planning issues in developed countries
The Main Findings and Conclusions of the Report
Diversity of urban contexts
The emergence and spread of contemporary urban planning
The Institutional and Regulatory Framework
Participatory planning
Integrating the green and brown agendas
Urban informality
Spatial structure of cities and provision of infrastructure
Monitoring and evaluation of urban plans
Urban planning education
Main Elements of a Revised Role for Urban Planning
Overarching aspects of a new role for urban planning
Specific aspects of a new role for urban planning
Contextual and Institutional Changes Needed to Make Urban Planning More Effective
Prioritizing an urban policy at the national scale
Planning legislation
Decentralization of urban planning functions
The urban planning function within municipalities
Monitoring and evaluation of urban plans
Urban research and data
City planning networks for sharing information and experience
Planning education
Concluding Remarks
Notes
Part VI Statistical Annex
Technical Notes
Explanation of Symbols
Country Groupings and Statistical Aggregates
World major groupings
Countries in the Human Development aggregates
Countries in the income aggregates
Sub-regional aggregates
Nomenclature and Order of Presentation
Definition of Terms
Notes
Sources of Data
Data Tables
Regional Aggregates
A.1 Total Population Size, Rate of Change and Population Density
A.2 Urban and Rural Population Size and Rate of Change
A.3 Urbanization
A.4 Total Number of Households and Rate of Change
A.5 Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation
A.6 Number of Urban Agglomerations
Country-Level Data
B.1 Total Population Size, Rate of Change and Population Density
B.2 Urban and Rural Population Size and Rate of Change
B.3 Urbanization and Urban Slum Dwellers
B.4 Total Number of Households and Rate of Change
B.5 Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation
B.6 Poverty and Inequality
B.7 Transport Infrastructure
City-Level Data
C.1 Urban Agglomerations with 750,000 Inhabitants or More: Population Size and Rate of Change in Selected Cities
C.2 Population of Capital Cities (2007)
C.3 Access to Services in Selected Cities

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