Pharmaceutical Analysis A Textbook for Pharmacy Students and Pharmaceutical Chemists 3rd Edition by David G Watson ISBN 0702051292 9780702051296

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ISBN 10: 0702051292 
ISBN 13: 9780702051296
Author: David G Watson

An introductory text, written with the needs of the student in mind, which explains all the most important techniques used in the analysis of pharmaceuticals – a key procedure in ensuring the quality of drugs . The text is enhanced throughout with keypoints and self-assessment boxes, to aid student learning.
Features

Includes worked calculations to demonstrate mathematics in use for pharmaceutical analysis.
Focuses on key points rather than a large number of facts to help readers really understand the field as well as pass exams.
Includes self-assessment, focussing on simple arithmetical calculation results from analytical data.
New to this edition

Mass spectrometry completely rewritten to reflect extensive changes in the instrumentation.
High-pressure liquid chromatography extensively reworked to cover recent developments in ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy rewritten by an expert in this complex analytical technique.
Thoroughly updated throughout to provide a succinct, expert account of the most frequently used techniques in pharmaceutical quality control.

Pharmaceutical Analysis A Textbook for Pharmacy Students and Pharmaceutical Chemists 3rd Table of contents:

1 Control of the quality of analytical methods
Introduction
Control of errors in analysis
Accuracy and precision
Validation of analytical procedures
Standard operating procedure (SOP) for the assay of paracetamol tablets
Compound random errors
Reporting of results
Other terms used in the control of analytical procedures
Basic calculations in pharmaceutical analysis
References
Further reading
2 Physical and chemical properties of drug molecules
Introduction
Calculation of pH value of aqueous solutions of strong and weak acids and bases
Acidic and basic strength and pKa
Henderson–Hasselbalch equation
Ionisation of drug molecules (see Animation 2.1)
Buffers
Salt hydrolysis
Activity, ionic strength and dielectric constant
Partition coefficient
Drug stability
Stereochemistry of drugs
Measurement of optical rotation (see Animation 2.3)
Profiles of physico-chemical properties of some drug molecules
References
Further reading
3 Titrimetric and chemical analysis methods
Introduction
Instrumentation and reagents
Direct acid/base titrations in the aqueous phase
Titrations of the salts of weak bases in mixed aqueous/non-aqueous media
Indirect titrations in the aqueous phase
Non-aqueous titrations
Argentimetric titrations
Compleximetric titrations
Redox titrations
Iodometric titrations
Ion pair titrations
Diazotisation titrations
Potentiometric titrations
Karl Fischer titration (coulometric end-point detection)
Automation of wet chemical methods
Applications of FIA in pharmaceutical analysis
References
Further reading
4 Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy
Introduction
Factors governing absorption of radiation in the UV/visible region (see Animation 4.1 and Animation 4.2)
Beer–Lambert Law
Instrumentation
Diode array instruments
Instrument calibration
UV spectra of some representative drug molecules
Use of UV/visible spectrophotometry to determine pKa values
Applications of UV/visible spectroscopy to pharmaceutical quantitative analysis
Difference spectrophotometry
Derivative spectra
Applications of UV/visible spectroscopy in preformulation and formulation
Reference
Further reading
5 Infrared spectrophotometry
Introduction
Factors determining intensity and energy level of absorption in IR spectra
Instrumentation
Sample preparation
Application of IR spectrophotometry in structure elucidation
Examples of IR spectra of drug molecules
IR spectrophotometry as a fingerprint technique
Infrared spectrophotometry as a method for identifying polymorphs
Near-infrared analysis (NIRA)
Introduction
Examples of NIRA applications
References
Further reading
Additional reading
6 Atomic spectrophotometry
Atomic emission spectrophotometry (AES)
Introduction
Instrumentation
Examples of quantitation by AES
Interferences in AES analysis (see Animation 6.3)
Assays based on the method of standard additions
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS)
Introduction
Instrumentation
Examples of assays using AAS (see Animation 6.4)
Some examples of limit tests employing AAS
Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy
References
Further reading
7 Molecular emission spectroscopy
Fluorescence spectrophotometry
Raman spectroscopy
Further reading
8 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Introduction
Instrumentation
Proton (1H) NMR
Application of NMR to structure confirmation in some drug molecules
Carbon NMR
Two-dimensional NMR spectra
Application of NMR to quantitative analysis
Other specialised applications of NMR
Further reading
9 Mass spectrometry
Introduction
Ion generation
Other ionisation methods
Ion separation techniques
A more detailed consideration of mass spectra
Molecular fragmentation patterns
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)
Applications of GC–MS with EI
Tandem mass spectrometry (see Animation 9.16)
High-resolution mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry of proteins
Mass spectrometry in drug discovery
Reference
Further reading
10 Chromatographic theory
Introduction
Void volume and capacity factor
Calculation of column efficiency
Origins of band broadening in HPLC
Parameters used in evaluating column performance
Data acquisition
Report generation
Reference
11 Gas chromatography
Introduction (see Animation 11.1)
Instrumentation
Selectivity of liquid stationary phases
Use of derivatisation in GC
Summary of parameters governing capillary GC performance
GC detectors (see Animation 11.5)
Applications of GC in quantitative analysis
Determination of manufacturing and degradation residues by GC
Determination of residual solvents
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) (see Animation 11.7)
Applications of GC in bioanalysis
References
Further reading
12 High-performance liquid chromatography
Introduction
Instrumentation (see Animation 12.2 and Animation 12.3)
Stationary and mobile phases
Structural factors which govern rate of elution of compounds from HPLC columns
More advanced consideration of solvent selectivity in reverse-phase chromatography
Effect of temperature on HPLC
Summary of stationary phases used in HPLC
A more advanced consideration of reverse-phase stationary phases
Summary of detectors used in HPLC
Performance of a diode array detector
Applications of HPLC to the quantitative analysis of drugs in formulations
Assays involving more specialised HPLC techniques
References
Further reading
13 Thin-layer chromatography
Introduction
Instrumentation
TLC chromatogram
Stationary phases
Elutropic series and mobile phases
Modification of TLC adsorbant
Detection of compounds on TLC plates following development
Applications of TLC analysis
High-performance TLC (HPTLC)
References
Further reading
14 High-performance capillary electrophoresis
Introduction
Instrumentation
Control of separation
Applications of CE in pharmaceutical analysis
Use of additives in the running buffer
References
Further reading
15 Extraction methods in pharmaceutical analysis
Solid-phase extraction (SPE)
References
Further reading
16 Methods used in the quality control of biotechnologically produced drugs
Protein drugs
Protein structure
Instrumental techniques used in the analysis of biotechnologically produced drugs
Reference
Further reading
17 Electrochemical biosensors
Introduction
Basic principles of electrochemistry
Types of electrochemical biosensors
Instrumentation
Examples of biosensors utilised for pharmaceutical analysis
Limitations of biosensors in pharmaceutical analysis

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