Pediatric Bone Biology and Diseases 1st Edition by John Pettifor, Harald Juppner, Francis Glorieux ISBN 9780080538556 008053855X
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ISBN 10: 008053855X
ISBN 13: 9780080538556
Author: John Pettifor, Harald Juppner, Francis Glorieux
Pediatric Bone is the first book to be published to deal exclusively with the biology and diseases of bone as they affect children. Rapid advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms and factors controlling the growth and development of bone, and these are discussed in detail in this book. Further, the various diseases of bone which are peculiar to children are highlighted and discussed in the light of our current knowledge with regard to the causation, clinical signs and treatment. The book is aimed to provide those clinicians interested in children’s diseases and basic scientists with a comprehensive resource covering the various aspects of bone health and disease in children
Pediatric Bone Biology and Diseases 1st Edition Table of contents:
Chapter 1. Structure of Growth Plate and Bone Matrix
Introduction
Type I Collagen
Type V Collagen
Type II Collagen
Type IX Collagen
Type XI Collagen
Type X Collagen
Aggrecan
Cartilage Link Protein 1
Small, Leucine-Rich, Interstitial Proteoglycans
Perlecan
Matrilins
Thrombospondins
Osteonectin
Osteocalcin
Matrix Gla Protein
Bone Sialoprotein
Bone Acidic Glycoprotein-75
Dentin Matrix Acidic Phosphoprotein-1
Osteopontin
References
Chapter 2. Bone Cell Biology: Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, and Osteoclasts
Introduction
Ontogeny of Osteoblasts and Control of Osteoblast Development
Osteoprogenitor Cells and Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation and Activity
Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation and Activity
Osteocytes
Morphological Features of Osteoclasts
Mechanisms of Osteoclastic Bone Resorption
Origin of Osteoclasts
Regulation of Ostoclast Activity and Differentiation
Osteoclast Size: Multinucleation and Function
Stem Cell, Osteoblast, and Osteoclast Changes in Disease
Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy for Skeletal Diseases
References
Chapter 3. Prenatal Bone Development: Ontogeny and Regulation
Introduction
Skeletogenesis
Skeletal Organization and Embryonic Origin of Bones
Molecular Regulation of Bone Formation
References
Chapter 4. Postnatal Bone Growth: Growth Plate Biology, Modeling, and Remodeling
Endochondral and Intramembranous Bone Formation
Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor- 1
Fibroblast Growth Factors
Thyroid Hormone
Estrogen and Androgen
Osteoblasts and Bone Growth
Endocrine Regulation of Bone Formation
References
Chapter 5. Parathyroid Hormone and Calcium Homeostasis
Cellular and Extracellular Calcium Homeostasis
Parathyroids and Secretion and Metabolism of Parathyroid Hormone
Assay of PTH
Parathyroid Hormone Action
References
Chapter 6. Phosphate Homeostasis Regulatory Mechanisms
Introduction
Physiological Aspects
Cellular and Molecular Aspects
Pathophysiological Aspects
References
Chapter 7. Vitamin D Biology
Metabolic Activation of Vitamin D
Mechanism of Action
Role of Vitamin D in Calcium Homeostasis
Summary and Perspectives
References
Chapter 8. Other Factors Controlling Bone Growth and Development: Calcitonin, CGRP, Osteostatin, Amy
Introduction
Calcitonin
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
Amylin
Adrenomedullin
References
Chapter 9. Peak Bone Mass and Its Regulation
Definition and Importance of Peak Bone Mass
Characteristics of Peak Bone Mass Acquisition
Calcium-Phosphate Metabolism During Growth
Determinants of Bone Mass Gain
Conclusions
References
Chapter 10. Pregnancy and Lactation
Introduction
Mineral Fluxes from Mother to Offspring
Pregnancy
Lactation
Summary
References
Chapter 11. Fetal Mineral Homeostasis
Fetal Adaptive Goals
Placental Calcium Transport
Placental Transport of Magnesium and Phosphate
Fetal Parathyroids
Calcium-Sensing Receptor
Thymus
Fetal Kidneys and Amniotic Fluid
Fetal Skeleton
Maternal Skeleton
Fetal Response to Maternal Hypoparathyroidism
Fetal Response to Maternal Hypoparathyroidism
Integrated Fetal Calcium Homeostasis
References
Chapter 12. Noninvasive Techniques for Bone Mass Measurement
Indications for Bone Mass Measurements
Challenges to Interpreting Bone Mass Measurements in Childhood and Adolescence
Noninvasive Measurement Techniques
Data Interpretation
References
Chapter 13. Assessment of Maturation: Bone Age and Pubertal Assessment
Background
Initial Considerations
Methods of Assessment
Reliability
Comparability of the Atlas and Bone-Specific Methods
Secondary Sexual Development
References
Chapter 14. Biochemical Markers o f Bone Metabolism
Introduction
Markers of Bone Formation
Markers of Bone Resorption
Bone Markers During Normal Development
Puberty
Bone and Collagen Markers in Metabolic Bone Diseases
Clinical and Research Value of Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism
References
Chapter 15. Bone Histomorphometry
Introduction
Methodology
Pediatric Bone Histomorphometry in Health and Disease
Indications for Bone Biopsy and Histomorphometry in Pediatric Bone Diseases
References
Chapter 16. A Diagnostic Approach to Skeletal Dysplasias
Introduction
Background
History and Physical Examination
Diagnostic Imaging
Biochemical Investigations
Cartilage Histology
Molecular Basis
Prenatal Detection of Suspected Skeletal Dysplasia
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17. The Spectrum of Pediatric Osteoporosis
Abstract
Introduction
Definition and Diagnosis of Osteopenia/Osteoporosis in Pediatric Patients
The Role of the Mechanostat in the Pathogenesis of Pediatric Osteoporosis
The Scope of the Problem
Approach to Prevention and Intervention
Differentiating Child Abuse from Bone Fragility Conditions
Summary and Future Directions
References
Chapter 18. Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Introduction
Classification
Types of OI
Differential Diagnosis
General Clinical Findings
Pathophysiology
Therapy
References
Chapter 19. Sclerosing Bony Dysplasia
Introduction
Defects in Osteoclastic Bone Resorption
Skeletal Abnormalities Related to Overproduction of Bone: Involvement of Transforming Growth Factors
Summary
References
Chapter 20. Parathyroid Disorders
Introduction
PTH Gene Structure and Function
Hypocalcemic Disorders
Hypercalcemic Diseases
Conclusion
References
Chapter 21. Fibrous Dysplasia
Introduction
Clinical Features
Molecular Genetics
Determinants of Phenotypic Variability
Pathology
Pathogenesis
Management and Treatment
References
Chapter 22. Nutritional Rickets
Introduction
Definition of Rickets
Classification of Rickets
Nutritional Rickets
References
Chapter 23. Metabolic Bone Disease of Prematurity
Introduction
In Utero Mineral Accretion and Bone Growth
Physiological Changes in Mineral Homeostasis at Birth
Metabolic Bone Disease
Skeletal Health in Preterm Infants
Suggested Guidelines for the Prevention of Metabolic Bone Disease in Preterm Infants
Conclusions
References
Chapter 24. Rickets Due to Hereditary Abnormalities of Vitamin D Synthesis or Action
Introduction
Biosynthesis of Vitamin D
Vitamin D Biosynthetic Enzymes
Vitamin D 25-Hydroxylase and 24-Hydroxylase
Vitamin D laL-Hydroxylase
Rickets Due to Abnormalities of Vitamin D Metabolism
Rickets Due to Abnormalities of Vitamin D Action
References
Chapter 25. Familial Hypophosphatemia and Related Disorders
Introduction
Clinical Description of Disease Entities
Treatment
Family/Genetic Studies
Molecules, Pathophysiology, and Lessons from Animal Models
Current Problems and Unresolved Questions
References
Chapter 26. Rickets Due to Renal Tubular Abnormalities
Introduction
Fanconi Syndrome
Renal Magnesium Wasting
Hypercalciuria
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 27 . Hypophosphatasia
Biology of Alkaline Phosphatase
Clinical Hypophosphatasia
References
Chapter 28. Renal Osteodystrophy: Pathogenesis , Diagnosis, and Treatment
Introduction
The Spectrum of Renal Osteodystrophy
Pathogenesis of Renal Osteodystrophy
Clinical Manifestations
Biochemical Determinations
Histologic Manifestations
Radiographic Features of Renal Osteodystrophy
Long-Term Consequences
Treatment
References
Chapter 29. Bone Tumors in Children
Introduction
General Principles of Treatement
Diagnosis
Classification and Nomenclature
Back Pain and Spinal Neoplasms in Children
Fibrous Tumors of Bone
Cartilage-Forming Tumors
Bone-Forming Tumors
Hematopoietic
Vascular
Neurogenic
Adipose
Mixed
Notochord
Tumor-Like
Conclusion
References
Index
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John Pettifor,Harald Juppner,Francis Glorieux,Pediatric Bone