Nicotinic Receptors in the Nervous System 1st Edition by Edward D Levin ISBN 084932386X 9780849323867

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ISBN 10: 084932386X 
ISBN 13: 9780849323867
Author: Edward D Levin

Nicotinic Receptors in the Nervous System 1st Table of contents:

Section 1
1 Some Methods Acetylcholine Receptor Pharmacology
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 MAINTENANCE OF CELL LINES NATURALLY EXPRESSING nAChR
1.3 CREATION AND MAINTENANCE OF CELL LINES STABLY AND HETEROLOGOUSLY EXPRESSING nAChR OF DEFINED SUBUNIT COMPOSITION
1.3.1 Vector Selection, Transfection, and Subcloning
1.3.2 Host Cell Types Used andnAChR Subtypes Expressed
1.4 ISOTOPIC ION FLUX ASSAYS FOR RAPID CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL nAChR ENSEMBLES
1.4.1 Efflux and Influx Assays
1.4.2 Techniques for Cell Manipulation
1.5 RADIOLIGAND BINDING ASSAYS
1.5.1 Intact Cells — Suspension and In Situ
1.5.2 Membranes and Detergent-Solubilized Preparations
REFERENCES
2 Presynaptic Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Subtypes Mediating Neurotransmitter Release
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 IN VITRO NEUROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES
2.2.1 Superfusion
2.2.2 Slices or Synaptosomes?
2.2.3 Subtypes of Presynaptic nAChR
2.3 IN VITRO ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACHES
2.4 IN VIVO NEUROCHEMICAL METHODS
2.5 nAChR LOCALIZATION
2.5.1 Receptor Ligand Binding
2.5.2 nAChR Subunit Expression
2.5.3 Immunocytochemistry
2.5.3.1 General Principles
2.5.3.2 Immunocytochemistry at the Light/Confocal Microscope Level
2.5.3.3 Electron Microscopy
2.6 CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
3 Effects of Nicotine on Dopaminergic Neurotransmission
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 NIGROSTRIATAL AND MESOLIMBIC DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEMS
3.3 NICOTINE-STIMULATED DOPAMINE RELEASE FROM NIGROSTRIATAL NEURONS
3.4 NICOTINE-STIMULATED DOPAMINE RELEASE FROM MESOLIMBIC NEURONS
3.5 DEDROSOMATIC AND TERMINAL SITES OF NICOTINE’S ACTION
3.6 DYNAMICS OF DA RELEASE
3.7 FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF UPREGULATED nAChRs ON DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS
3.8 NICOTINE-INDUCED DESENSITIZATION OF DA RELEASE
3.9 EFFECTS OF NICOTINE ON OTHER PROTEINS OF DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS
3.10 SUMMARY
REFERENCES
4 Nicotinic Receptors in the Periphery
4.1 OVERVIEW OF PERIPHERAL NEURONAL nAChRS
4.1.1 Structure, Composition, and Distribution
4.1.2 Function
4.1.2.1 Autonomic Nervous System
4.1.2.2 Sensory systems
4.2 METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN NEURONAL nAChR RESEARCH
4.2.1 Classical Pharmacology Studies of Peripheral Neuronal nAChRs
4.2.1.1 Autonomic Nervous System
4.2.1.2 Sensory Systems
4.2.2 Cloning Reveals Multiple Subunits of Neuronal nAChRs
4.2.3 Detection of Nucleic Acids Encoding Neuronal nAChR Subunits
4.2.3.1 Autonomic Nervous System
4.2.3.2 Sensory Systems
4.2.4 Detection of Neuronal nAChR Subunit Proteins
4.2.4.1 Autonomic Nervous System
4.2.4.2 Sensory Systems
4.2.5 Detection of Neuronal nAChR Subunit Function
4.2.5.1 Cloned and Expressed Neuronal nAChRs
4.2.5.2 Native Receptors
4.2.6 Probing Function with Molecular Deletions: “Antisense” and Gene “Knock-Outs”
4.2.6.1 Autonomic Nervous System
4.2.6.2 Sensory Systems
4.3 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Section 2
5 Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors as Targets in Pain Control
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF NICOTINE AND nAChRS AGONISTS IN DIFFERENT PAIN MODELS
5.3 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR SUBTYPES INVOLVED IN THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS OF NICOTINE AND NICOTINIC AGONISTS
5.3.1 Supraspinal Sites
5.3.2 Spinal Sites
5.3.3 Peripheral Sites
5.4 FACTORS MODIFYING NICOTINIC ANALGESIA
5.4.1 Gender Studies
5.4.2 Genetic Studies
5.5 HUMAN STUDIES
5.6 NEW NICOTINIC AGONISTS AS ANALGESICS
5.6.1 ABT-594
5.6.2 Metanicotine
5.7 SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
6 Mouse Models to Evaluate Genetic Influences on Responses to Nicotine
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 GENERAL APPROACHES: FORWARD AND REVERSE GENETICS
6.3 CHOICE OF PHENOTYPE
6.4 GENETIC MODELS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF NICOTINE
6.4.1 Inbred Strains
6.4.2 Diallel Cross Analysis of F1 Hybrid Mice
6.4.3 Classical Genetic Cross Analysis of F1, F2, and Backcross Mice
6.4.4 Recombinant Inbred Strains
6.4.5 Selected Lines
6.4.6 Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping
6.4.7 Reverse Genetics: Studies of the Effects of Candidate Genes
6.5 SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
7 Nicotinic Involvement in Cognitive Function of Rats
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 ACUTE NICOTINIC AGONIST EFFECTS
7.3 CHRONIC NICOTINE AGONIST EFFECTS
7.4 NICOTINIC ANTAGONISTS
7.5 BEHAVIORAL SPECIFICATION
7.6 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR SUBTYPE INVOLVEMENT IN MEMORY FUNCTION
7.7 NICOTINIC-DOPAMINERGIC INTERACTIONS
7.8 CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
8 Nicotine and Cognition in Young and Aged Nonhuman Primates
8.1 NICOTINE AS A COGNITIVE ENHANCING AGENT IN MONKEYS
8.2 THE PROTRACTED MNEMONIC RESPONSE TO NICOTINE
8.3 THE MNEMONIC EFFECTS OF MECAMYLAMINE IN MONKEYS
8.4 REVERSAL OF DISTRACTOR-INDUCED PERFORMANCE DEFICITS BY NICOTINIC DRUGS
8.5 EFFECT OF NICOTINE IN YOUNG AND AGED MONKEYS
8.6 SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC MNEMONIC RESPONSES TO NICOTINE IN AGED MONKEYS
REFERENCES
9 Neuroscience Research with Nicotine Self-Administration
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 METHODS FOR NICOTINE SELF-ADMINISTRATION
9.2.1 Surgical Techniques
9.2.2 Experimental Environment
9.2.3 Training and Schedules of Reinforcement
9.3 issues and modifications used by other research groups
9.3.1 Prior Training
9.3.2 Schedule Requirements
9.3.3 Doses of Nicotine and Dose-Effect Curve
9.3.4 Strain Differences
9.4 CNS STUDIES WITH NICOTINE SELF-ADMINISTRATION
9.4.1 Microcannulae and Lesion Methods
9.4.2 Self-Administered Nicotine: Sites and Mechanisms of Action
9.5 FUTURE DIRECTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Section 3
10 Evaluation of Pharmacologic Treatments for Smoking Cessation
CONTENTS
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 SAMPLE SELECTION
10.3 TIMING OF TREATMENT
10.4 OUTCOME MEASURES
10.4.1 Other Outcome Measures
10.5 CONTEXT IN WHICH TO EVALUATE PHARMACOTHERAPIES
10.6 COMBINATION PHARMACOTHERAPIES
10.7 USE OF OPEN-LABEL PILOT EVALUATIONS
10.8 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
11 Nicotine and Schizophrenia
11.1 WHY FOCUS ON SMOKING IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA?
11.2 NICOTINE-RESPONSIVE ELEMENTARY PHENOTYPES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
11.2.1 Auditory Sensory Gating Abnormalities
11.2.2 Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Abnormalities
11.3 ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS, SMOKING, AND SCHIZOPHRENIA
11.3.1 Conventional Neuroleptics (e.g., Haloperidol)
11.3.2 Atypical Antipsychotics (e.g., Clozapine)
11.4 NICOTINIC AGONISTS, ANTAGONISTS, AND ALLOSTERIC MODULATORS
11.4.1 Nicotinic Agonists
11.4.2 Nicotinic Antagonists
11.4.3 Allosteric Modulators
11.5 SUMMARY
REFERENCES
12 Nicotinic Medications and Tourette’s Disorder
12.1 INTRODUCTION
12.2 TOURETTE’S SYNDROME, NICOTINE, AND ANIMAL MODELS
12.2.1 From Lab to Clinic
12.2.2 Clinical Studies
12.2.3 Controlled Study of Transdermal Nicotine in Tourette’s Disorder
12.3 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR INACTIVATION HYPOTHESIS
12.3.1 From Nicotine to Mecamylamine
12.3.2 Controlled Study of Mecamylamine in Tourette’s Disorder
12.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
13 Nicotine Effects on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
13.1 INTRODUCTION
13.2 DRUG ADMINISTRATION
13.3 CLINICAL ASSESSMENT
13.4 SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT
13.5 COMPUTERIZED ASSESSMENT
13.6 CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
14 Clinical Methodologies in the Examination of Nicotinic Effects on Cognition
14.1 INTRODUCTION
14.2 CLINICAL DISORDERS
14.3 METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
14.3.1 Population
14.3.2 Smoking Status
14.3.3 Gender
14.3.4 Age
14.3.5 Individual Variability
14.3.6 Route of Drug Administration
14.3.7 Measures

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Tags: Edward D Levin, Nicotinic Receptors, Nervous System