Neurosteroids and Brain Function 1st Edition by Giovanni Biggio, Robert H Purdy ISBN 0080544231 9780123668462
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ISBN 10: 0080544231
ISBN 13: 9780123668462
Author: Giovanni Biggio, Robert H Purdy
International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 46 presents in-depth reviews on such ground-breaking topics as assembly and intracellular trafficking of GABA A receptors, D-1 dopamine receptors, and Alzheimer’s disease. This series offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date information available and is a must for anyone in the field.
Includes a historical overview of neurosteroid research
Contains a chapter on neurosteroid biosynthesis and regulation
Presents current methods of neurosteroid measurement and analysis
Discusses neurosteroid function in both the normal and the pathological brain
Chapters address the function of neurosteroid in:
Neurosteroids and Brain Function 1st Table of contents:
Chapter 1. Neurosteroids: Beginning of the Story
I. Introduction
II. Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Neurosteroids: Related Behavioral Effects
III. Receptors and Related Activities of Neurosteroids
IV. Conclusions
References
Chapter 2. Biosynthesis of Neurosteroids and Regulation of Their Synthesis
I. What Is a Neurosteroid?
II. Enzymes Involved in Neurosteroidogenesis: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
III. Enzymes Involved in Neurosteroidogenesis: Distribution in the Brain and Developmental Regulation
IV. Regulation of Neurosteroidogenic Enzymes
V. Conclusions
References
Chapter 3. Neurosteroid 7-Hydroxylation Products in the Brain
I. Neurosteroid Metabolism in the Brain
II. 7α-Hydroxylation Studies in the Brain
III. 7β-Hydroxylation Studies in the Brain
IV. 7α-Hydroxy-DHEA and 7β-Hydroxy-DHEA as Native Anti-glucocorticoids
V. The Brain and Other Organs
VI. Sex Steroid Metabolism in the Brain
VII. Conclusions
References
Chapter 4. Neurosteroid Analysis
I. Introduction
II. Analysis of Neurosteroids by Radioimmunoassay
III. Analysis of Neurosteroids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Gas Chromatography
IV. Analysis of Unconjugated Neurosteroids by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
V. Derivatization of Neurosteroids
VI. Gas Chromatography Columns for Separation of Neurosteroid Derivatives
VII. Isotopic Dilution for Quantitative Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
VIII. Data Acquisition Modes in Mass Spectrometry
IX. Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry
X. Analysis of Neurosteroid Sulfates by Mass Spectrometry
XI. Analysis of Sulfated Steroids by Soft Ionization Mass Spectrometry
XII. Analysis of Steroid Sulfates by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization/Mass Spectrometry
XIII. Thermospray Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
XIV. Future Analysis of Neurosteroid Sulfates
XV. Conclusions
References
Chapter 5. Role of the Peripheral-Type Benzodiazepine Receptor in Adrenal and Brain Steroidogenesis
I. Introduction
II. Peripheral-Type Benzodiazepine Receptor
III. Structure of the PBR Complex
IV. Role of the PBR in Steroidogenesis
V. The PBR in Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis
VI. Role of the PBR in Brain Neurosteroid Biosynthesis
VII. Role of the PBR in Pathology
VIII. Other Proteins Involved in the Acute Regulation of Steroidogenesis
IX. Conclusions
References
Chapter 6. Formation and Effects of Neuroactive Steroids in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System
I. Introduction
II. 5α-Reductase and 3α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase System
III. Effect of Glial–Neuronal Interactions on the Formation of Neuroactive Steroids
IV. Effects of Neuroactive Steroids on Glial Cells of the Central Nervous System
V. Formation of Neuroactive Steroids in the Peripheral Nervous System
VI. Effects of Neuroactive Steroids on the Peripheral Nervous System
VII. Conclusions
References
Chapter 7. Neurosteroid Modulation of Recombinant and Synaptic GABAA Receptors
I. Introduction
II. Transmitter-Gated Ion Channels and Neurosteroid Selectivity
III. Influence of GABAA-Receptor Subunit Composition on Neurosteroid Action
IV. Mechanism of Neurosteroid Modulation of GABAA Receptors
V. Neurosteroid Modulation of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission
VI. Structure–Activity Relationships for Steroids at the GABAA Receptor
VII. Multiple Steroid Binding Sites on the GABAA Receptor
VIII. Conclusions
References
Chapter 8. GABAA-Receptor Plasticity during Long-Term Exposure to and Withdrawal from Progesterone
I. Introduction
II. Effects of Long-Term Exposure to PROG and GABAA-Receptor Gene Expression and Function in Vitro
III. Effects of PROG Withdrawal on GABAA-Receptor Gene Expression and Function in Vitro
IV. Effects of Long-Term Exposure to and Subsequent Withdrawal of PROG in Pseudo-pregnancy
V. Effects of Long-Term Exposure to and Subsequent Withdrawal of PROG in Pregnancy
VI. Oral Contraceptives and GABAA-Receptor Plasticity
VII. Mechanism of the Effect of Long-Term PROG Exposure on GABAA-Receptor Plasticity
VIII. Conclusions
References
Chapter 9. Stress and Neuroactive Steroids
I. Stress and GABAA Receptors
II. Effect of Stress on Brain Concentrations of Neuroactive Steroids
III. Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Stress-Induced Changes in Brain Neurosteroid Concentrations
IV. Conclusions
References
Chapter 10. Neurosteroids in Learning and Memory Processes
I. Introduction
II. Learning and Memory Processes and Animal Models
III. Pharmacological Effects of Neurosteroids
IV. Mechanisms of Action
V. Physiological Significance
VI. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 11. Neurosteroids and Behavior
I. Introduction
II. Anxiety and Stress
III. Cognition
IV. Aggression
V. Sleep, Feeding, and Reinforcement
VI. Discriminative Stimulus Effects
References
Chapter 12. Ethanol and Neurosteroid Interactions in the Brain
I. Introduction
II. Role of 3α,5α-TH PROG in Ethanol Action
III. Role of Neurosteroids in Alcohol Reinforcement
IV. Role of Neurosteroids in Ethanol Tolerance
V. Role of Neurosteroids in Ethanol Dependence
VI. Conclusions and Future Directions
References
Chapter 13. Preclinical Development of Neurosteroids as Neuroprotective Agents for the Treatment of CNS Disorders
I. Neurosteroids and the Brain
II. Synthesis of Central Nervous System Neurosteroids
III. Receptor Signaling Pathways
IV. Neurosteroids and Central Nervous System Plasticity
V. Neurosteroids and Neuroprotection
VI. Conclusions
References
Chapter 14. Clinical Implications of Circulating Neurosteroids
I. Introduction
II. Changes and Possible Role of Neurosteroids in Humans
References
Chapter 15. Neuroactive Steroids and Central Nervous System Disorders
I. Neuroactive Steroids and the Central Nervous System
II. Concentrations of Neuroactive Steroids in the Brain
III. Sensory–Motor and Cognitive Function
IV. Estrogen and Alzheimer’s Disease
V. Neuroactive Steroids and Menstrual-Cycle-Linked Mood Changes
VI. Side Effects of Oral Contraceptives
VII. Neuroactive Steroids and Menopause
VIII. Side Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy
IX. Neuroactive Steroids and Epilepsy
References
Chapter 16. Neuroactive Steroids in Neuropsychopharmacology
I. Introduction
II. Sources and Biosynthesis of Neuroactive Steroids
III. Steroid Modulation of GABAA Receptors
IV. Steroid Modulation of Other Neurotransmitter Receptors
V. A Putative Specific Steroid-Binding Site on Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
VI. Genomic Effects of Neuroactive Steroids
VII. Neuropsychopharmacological Properties of Neuroactive Steroids
VIII. Modulation of Endogenous Neuroactive Steroids as a Pharmacological Principle
IX. Outlook
References
Chapter 17. Current Perspectives on the Role of Neurosteroids in PMS and Depression
I. Introduction
II. Premenstrual Syndrome or Premenstrual (Late Luteal) Dysphoric Disorder
III. Allopregnanolone and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
IV. Biosynthesis of Allopregnanolone
V. SSRIs in the Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: Modulation of Neurosteroid Levels
VI. SSRIs, Neurosteroids, and Depression
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