Microbial Plant Pathogens and Crop Disease Management 1st Edition by P Narayanasamy ISBN 1482279940 9781578082070

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ISBN 10: 1482279940 
ISBN 13: 9781578082070
Author: P Narayanasamy

Microbial Plant Pathogens and Crop Disease Management 1st Table of contents:

PART I : MICROBIAL PLANT PATHOGENS
1. Introduction
2. Characteristics of Microbial Pathogens
2.1 Fungal Pathogens
2.1.1 Classification of fungal pathogens
2.2 Bacterial Pathogens
2.2.1 Classification of bacteria
2.3 Phytoplasmas
2.3.1 Classification of phytoplasmas
2.4 Viruses
2.4.1 Classification of plant viruses
2.5 Viroids
Summary
3. Characteristics of Crop Diseases
3.1 Phases of Disease Development
3.1.1 Attachment of pathogen to plant surface
3.1.2 Germination of spores
3.1.3 Penetration of host plant
3.1.4 Colonization and further spread
3.1.5 Symptom expression
3.2 Types of Crop Diseases
3.2.1 Diseases caused by fungal pathogens
3.2.2 Diseases caused by bacterial pathogens
3.2.3 Diseases caused by phytoplasmas
3.2.4 Diseases caused by viruses
3.2.5 Diseases caused by viroids
Summary
PART II : PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTION
4. Pathogenicity and Host Defense
4.1 Molecular Genetics of Pathogenicity
4.1.1 Fungal pathogens
4.1.2 Bacterial pathogens
4.1.3 Viruses
4.2 Molecular Genetics of Host Defense
4.2.1 Viruses
4.2.2 Bacterial pathogens
4.2.3 Fungal pathogens
Summary
5. Crop Disease Diagnosis
5.1 Diagnosis of Fungal Diseases
5.1.1 Detection of seedborne fungal pathogens
5.1.2 Visual inspection and tissue examination of aerial plant parts
5.1.3 Bait tests for root-infecting fungi
5.1.4 Molecular diagnostic techniques
5.2 Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases
5.2.1 Detection of seed infection
5.2.2 Visual inspection and tissue examination
5.2.3 Immunological assays
5.2.4 Nucleic acid-based techniques
5.2.5 Tests for utilization of nutrients
5.3 Diagnosis of Phytoplasmal Diseases
5.3.1 Staining techniques
5.3.2 Immunological assays
5.3.3 Nucleic acid-based techniques
5.4 Diagnosis of Viral Diseases
5.4.1 Tests based on biological properties
5.4.2 Tests based on intrinsic virus properties
5.5 Diagnosis of Viroid Diseases
5.5.1 Biological properties of viroids
5.5.2 Detection by molecular techniques
5.6 Crop Disease Diagnostic Centers
Summary
6. Assessment of Crop Loss Caused by Microbial Pathogens
6.1 Phytopathometry or Disease Assessment
6.1.1 Disease intensity
Summary
PART III : CROP DISEASE MANAGEMENT-PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES
7. Principles of Crop Disease Management
8. Methods of Preventing Introduction of Microbial Pathogens
8.1 Use of Disease-free Seeds and Planting Materials
8.1.1 Production of virus-free plants
8.1.2 Production of phytoplasma-free plants
8.1.3 Production of viroid-free plants
8.1.4 Production of propagating materials free of fungal and bacterial pathogens
8.1.5 Heat therapy for pathogen elimination
8.2 Regulatory Methods
8.2.1 Plant quarantines
Summary
9. Cultural Practices for Crop Disease Management
9.1 Crop Sanitation
9.1.1 Disease-free propagating materials
9.1.2 Irrigation water
9.1.3 Infected plant debris
9.1.4 Elimination of infected plants and plant parts
9.1.5 Elimination of alternative and alternate hosts
9.2 Crop Nutrition
9.2.1 Organic matter
9.2.2 Fertilizers
9.3 Tillage
9.4 Planting Date and Density
9.5 Irrigation Practices
9.6 Effects of Other Crops
9.6.1 Crop sequence
9.6.2 Multiple cropping
9.6.3 Monoculture
Summary
10. Physical and Chemical Techniques for Crop Disease Management
10.1 Treatment of Plant Propagative Materials
10.1.1 Physical techniques
10.1.2 Chemical techniques
10.1.3 Fermentation
10.2 Treatment of Host Plants
10.3 Soil Treatment
10.3.1 Fallowing and flooding
10.3.2 Heat disinfestation of soil
10.3.3 Inorganic mulches
10.3.4 Manipulation of soil reaction (pH)
Summary
11. Host Resistance to Microbial Plant Pathogens
11.1 Kinds of Resistance
11.1.1 Vertical resistance
11.1.2 Horizontal resistance
11.1.3 Effects of pathogen variation on host plant resistance
11.1.4 Durable resistance
11.2 Sources of Resistance to Crop Diseases
11.2.1 Methods of screening
11.3 Breeding for Disease Resistance
11.3.1 Resistance to pathogens showing high variability
11.3.2 Resistance to pathogens with less or no variation
11.3.3 Resistance to pathogens producing host-specific toxins
11.3.4 Resistance to viral diseases
11.3.5 Molecular markers for resistance to crop diseases
Summary
Appendix
12. Biocontrol Agents for Crop Disease Management
12.1 Use of Microbes
12.1.1 Mechanism of action of biocontrol agents (BCAs)
12.1.2 Factors influencing activities of biocontrol agents
12.1.3 Application methods
12.1.4 Formulation and registration of biocontrol agents
12.1.5 Genetic engineering for improved performance
12.1.6 Integration of biocontrol agents with other disease control strategies
12.2 Cross-Protection
12.2.1 Cross-protection against viral diseases
12.2.2 Cross-protection against bacterial and fungal diseases
Summary
Appendix
13. Biotechnology for Improvement of Crop Disease Resistance
13.1 Techniques Employed for Managing Crop Diseases
13.1.1 Production of disease-free plants
13.1.2 Methods for improving resistance to diseases
13.2 Strategies for Engineering Disease Resistance
13.2.1 Viral diseases
13.2.2 Fungal diseases
13.2.3 Bacterial diseases
13.3 Induction of Resistance to Diseases
13.3.1 Characteristics of systemic acquired resistance
13.3.2 Viruses as inducers of disease resistance
13.3.3 Fungi as inducers of disease resistance
13.3.4 Bacteria as inducers of disease resistance
13.3.5 Plant products as inducers of disease resistance
13.3.6 Chemicals as inducers of disease resistance
Summary
14. Crop Disease Management Using Chemicals
14.1 Development of Fungicides
14.2 Classification of Fungicides
14.2.1 Fungicidal activity
14.2.2 Target site of activity
14.2.3 Nature of active ingredients
14.3 Nonsystemic protectant fungicides
14.3.1 Modes of action of protectant fungicides
14.4 Systemic Fungicides
14.4.1 Apoplastic movement of systemic fungicides
14.4.2 Symplastic movement of systemic fungicides
14.4.3 Uptake of systemic fungicides
14.4.4 Mechanisms of action of systemic fungicides
14.5 Antibiotics
14.5.1 Modes of action of antibiotics
14.6 Chemicals for Viral Disease Management
14.6.1 Antiviral chemicals
14.6.2 Chemicals suppressing symptoms
14.6.3 Chemicals for the control of vectors
14.6.4 Chemicals preventing virus transmission
14.7 Hazards of Disease Management Chemicals
14.7.1 Human hazards
14.7.2 Environmental hazards
14.7.3 Effects on nontarget pathogens
14.7.4 Development of resistance to fungicides
14.8 Development of New Fungicides
14.8.1 Triazoles
14.8.2 ar-Hydroxyarylacetamides
14.8.3 Natural products
14.9 Tests for Disease Management Chemicals
14.9.1 Laboratory tests
14.9.2 Field evaluation of fungicides
14.9.3 Toxicological considerations
14.10 Application Methods
14.11 Integration of Chemical Use with Other Disease Management Strategies
14.11.1 Chemical application based on prediction models
14.11.2 Integration with host resistance
14.11.3 Integration with biocontrol agents
Summary
Appendix
15. Integrated Disease Management
15.1 Development of Integrated Disease Management (IDM)
15.2 Choice of Strategies of Disease Management
15.2.1 Prevention of introduction of pathogens
15.2.2 Reduction of pathogen inoculum
15.2.3 Restricting the rate of disease spread
15.2.4 Curing infected plants
15.3 Role of Crop Disease Management in Sustainable Agriculture

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