Meteorology at the Millennium 1st Edition by RP Pearce ISBN 0125480350 9780125480352

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ISBN 10: 0125480350 
ISBN 13: 9780125480352
Author: RP Pearce

Meteorology at the Millennium 1st Table of contents:

Part 1. Weather Prediction at the Millennium
Chapter 1. Predicting Uncertainty in Numerical Weather Forecasts
A. INTRODUCTION
B. THE LIOUVILLE EQUATION
C. THE PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION OF MODEL ERROR
D. PROBABILITY FORECASTING BY ENSEMBLE PREDICTION
E. VERIFYING PROBABILITY FORECASTS
F. THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF PROBABILITY FORECASTS
G. CONCLUDING REMARKS
REFERENCES
Chapter 2. Extratropical Cyclones An Historical Perspective
A. INTRODUCTION
B. THE THERMAL THEORY
C. THE BERGEN SCHOOL
D. BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY MODEL
E. POTENTIAL VORTICITY IDEAS
F. PREDICTABILITY, FORECASTING AND OBSERVATIONS
G. THE FUTURE
REFERENCES
Chapter 3. Numerical Methods for Atmospheric General Circulation Models Refinements or Fundamental A
A. NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION
B. CLIMATE MODELS
C. NWP VERSUS CLIMATE MODELLING
D. FUTURE EVOLUTION OF NUMERICS
REFERENCES
Chapter 4. Mesoscale Mountains and the Larger-Scale Atmospheric Dynamics: A Review
A. INTRODUCTION
B. REGIME DIAGRAM FOR FLOW PAST TOPOGRAPHY
C. INTERACTIONS WITH THE BALANCED LARGER-SCALE DYNAMICS
D. NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF ALPINE WAKES
E. OUTLOOK
REFERENCES
Chapter 5. The Upscale Turbulent Cascade Shear Layers, Cyclones and Gas Giant Bands
A. INTRODUCTION
B. PAIRING IN UNSTRATIFIED SHEAR FLOW
C. PAIRING IN ROTATING STRATIFIED FLOW: SUBSYNOPTIC BAROCLINIC INSTABILITY
D. PAIRING IN VORTEX DYNAMICS ON THE SPHERE: ROSSBY-WAVE ARREST OF THE UPSCALE CASCADE AND THE PAR
E. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 6. The Role of Water in Atmospheric Dynamics and Climate
A. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
B. WATER IN ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS
C. WATER IN THE CLIMATE SYSTEM
D. SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Chapter 7. New Observational Technologies Scientific and Societal Impacts
A. INTRODUCTION
B. REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE
C. REMOTE SENSORS AND THEIR SCIENTIFIC IMPACTS
D. SOCIETAL IMPACTS
E. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 8. Turning Dynamical Ideas into Forecast Practice A Proposal for a Renewed Graphical Summary
A. INTRODUCTION
B. THE EXISTING GRAPHICAL SUMMARY MAP: ITS IMPORTANCE AND ITS PROBLEMS
C. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
D. RATIONALE OF A DYNAMICALLY GROUNDED SYNOPTIC SUMMARY
E. EXAMPLES OF USE OF THE NEW GRAPHICAL FRAMEWORK
F. POTENTIAL FOR UPGRADING
G. CONCLUSION
APPENDIX: THE GRAPHICAL CODE OF ANASYG AND PRESYG
REFERENCES
Chapter 9. Weather Forecasting From Woolly Art to Solid Science
A. THE PREHISTORY OF SCIENTIFIC FORECASTING
B. THE BEGINNING OF MODERN NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION
C. NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION TODAY
D. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Part 2. Climate Variability and Change
Chapter 10. Problems in Quantifying Natural and Anthropogenic Perturbations to the Earth’s Energy
A. INTRODUCTION
B. ESTIMATES OF THE GLOBAL-MEAN RADIATIVE FORCING
C. TIME VARIATION OF RADIATIVE FORCING
D. DEVELOPMENTS IN STUDIES OF THE INDIRECT AEROSOL EFFECT
E. CONCLUDING REMARKS
REFERENCES
Chapter 11. Changes in Climate and Variability over the Last 1000 Years
A. INTRODUCTION
B. THE INSTRUMENTAL PERIOD (1850–)
C. EARLY EUROPEAN INSTRUMENTAL RECORDS
D. THE PRE-INSTRUMENTAL PERIOD (BACK TO 1000)
E. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 12. Climatic Variability over the North Atlantic
A. INTRODUCTION
B. WHAT IS THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION AND HOW DOES IT IMPACT REGIONAL CLIMATE?
C. WHAT ARE THE MECHANISMS THAT GOVERN NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION VARIABILITY?
D. CONCLUDING COMMENTS ON OTHER ASPECTS OF NORTH ATLANTIC CLIMATE VARIABILITY
REFERENCES
Chapter 13. Prediction and Detection of Anthropogenic Climate Change
A. INTRODUCTION
B. AN EARLY GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL SIMULATION OF THE CLIMATIC EFFECTS OF INCREASES IN GREENHOUSE
C. A RECENT SIMULATION OF THE EFFECTS OF INCREASES IN GREENHOUSE GASES
D. DETECTION AND ATTRIBUTION OF ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE
E. SOME CONCLUDING REMARKS
REFERENCES
Chapter 14. Absorption of Solar Radiation in the Atmosphere Reconciling Models with Measurements
A. INTRODUCTION
B. THE GLOBAL RADIATION BALANCE
C. SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS
D. ABSORPTION BY THE SURFACE
E. ABSORPTION BY THE ATMOSPHERE
F. DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 15. The Impact of Satellite Observations of the Earth’s Spectrum on Climate Research
A. THE CLIMATE CHANGE DETECTION AND ATTRIBUTION PROBLEM
B. SATELLITE SPECTRAL SIGNATURES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
C. RECENT WORK ON SPECTRAL SIGNATURES
D. IRIS AND IMG: CHANGE OF OLR (v ) BETWEEN 1970 AND 1997
E. ANALYSIS OF IMG AND IRIS DATA
F. SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Part 3. The Atmosphere and Oceans
Chapter 16. Atlantic Air–Sea Interaction Revisited
A. INTRODUCTION
B. DATA AND MODELS
C. THE ANALYSIS METHOD
D. ATMOSPHERIC FORCING OF NORTH ATLANTIC SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES
E. NORTH ATLANTIC SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE FORCING OF THE ATMOSPHERE
F. POTENTIAL SEASONAL PREDICTABILITY BASED ON THE ATMOSPHERE GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL
G. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 17. The Monsoon as a Self-regulating Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere System
A. INTRODUCTION
B. REGULATION OF THE MONSOON ANNUAL CYCLE
C. INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF THE MONSOON
D. GENERAL THEORY OF THE REGULATION OF THE COUPLED OCEAN–ATMOSPHERIC MONSOON SYSTEM
E. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 18. Laminar Flow in the Ocean Ekman Layer
A. INTRODUCTION
B. THE EFFECT OF A STABLE DENSITY GRADIENT
C. THE FATAL FLAW
D. FLOW VISUALIZATION
E. THE DISCOVERY OF LAMINAR FLOW
F. FINE STRUCTURE
G. WAVE-INDUCED SHEAR INSTABILITY
H. BILLOW TURBULENCE
I. REVERSE TRANSITION
J. REVISED PARADIGM
K. ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODELLING OF THE UPPER OCEAN
L. DIURNAL VARIATION
M. BUOYANT CONVECTION
N. BILLOW TURBULENCE IN THE DIURNAL THERMOCLINE
O. CONSEQUENCES FOR THE EKMAN CURRENT PROFILE
P. SOLAR RADIATION
Q. APPLICATIONS
R. DISCUSSION
S. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Chapter 19. Ocean Observations and the Climate Forecast Problem
A. INTRODUCTION
B. SOME HISTORY: OBSERVATIONAL AND THEORETICAL
C. THE PERCEPTION
D. THE REALITY
E. CONCLUSIONS BASED UPON MISAPPREHENSIONS
F. WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?
REFERENCES
Part 4. The Biogeochemical System
Chapter 20. Biochemical Connections Between the Atmosphere and the Ocean
A. INTRODUCTION
B. THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE
C. AIR–SEA EXCHANGE OF GASES OF IMPORTANCE
D. IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC DUST ON OCEAN BIOCHEMISTRY
E. GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON BIOGEOCHEMICAL FLUXES ACROSS THE AIR–SEA INTERFACE
REFERENCES
Chapter 21. Modelling Vegetation and the Carbon Cycle as Interactive Elements of the Climate System
A. INTRODUCTION
B. MODEL DESCRIPTION
C. PRE-INDUSTRIAL STATE
D. A FIRST TRANSIENT CLIMATE–CARBON CYCLE SIMULATION
E. DISCUSSION
F. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Part 5. Middle Atmosphere and Solar Physics: Other Planets and Epochs
Chapter 22. Some Fundamental Aspects of Atmospheric Dynamics, with a Solar Spinoff
A. INTRODUCTION
B. THERMAL AND CHEMICAL EVIDENCE
C. WAVE-INDUCED MOMENTUM TRANSPORT: SOME SIMPLE EXAMPLES
D. THE QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION (QBO)
E. THE MICHELSON–MORLEY PRINCIPLE
F. THE NONACCELERATION CONSTRAINT
G. EXTRATROPICAL LATITUDES
H. GYROSCOPIC PUMPING
I. ROSSBY-AND GRAVITY-WAVE BREAKING
J. THE JIGSAW PUZZLE: BAROTROPIC MODELS
K. GENERALIZATION TO REALISTIC STRATIFIED FLOW
L. THE SUN’S RADIATIVE INTERIOR
REFERENCES
Chapter 23. Atmospheric Dynamics of the Outer Planets
A. INTRODUCTION
B. VOYAGER OBSERVATIONS OF WINDS AND TEMPERATURES
C. MODELS OF VORTICES IN SHEAR
D. GALILEO PROBE AND VERTICAL STRUCTURE
E. GALILEO ORBITER OBSERVATIONS OF WATER AND LIGHTNING
REFERENCES
Chapter 24. Palaeoclimate Studies at the Millennium The Role of the Coupled System
A. INTRODUCTION
B. PRE-QUATERNARY PALAEOCLIMATES
C. QUATERNARY PALAEOCLIMATES
D. SUBORBITAL TIMESCALE VARIABILITY

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