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Meteorological measurement systems 1st Edition by Fred V Brock, Scott J Richardson ISBN 0195134516 9780195134513

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Meteorological measurement systems Fred V. Brock Digital Instant Download

Author(s): Fred V. Brock, Scott J. Richardson
ISBN(s): 9780195134513, 0195134516
Edition: illustrated edition
File Details: PDF, 14.59 MB
Year: 2001
Language: english
SKU: EB-1187428 Categories: , Tags: ,

Meteorological measurement systems 1st Edition by Fred V Brock, Scott J Richardson – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0195134516, 9780195134513
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ISBN 10: 0195134516 
ISBN 13: 9780195134513
Author: Fred V Brock, Scott J Richardson

This book treats instrumentation used in meteorological surface systems, both on the synoptic scale and the mesoscale, and the instrumentation used in upper air soundings. The text includes material on first- and second-order differential equations as applied to instrument dynamic performance, and required solutions are developed. Sensor physics are emphasized in order to explain how sensors work and to explore the strengths and weaknesses of each design type. The book is organized according to sensor type and function (temperature, humidity, and wind sensors, for example), though several unifying themes are developed for each sensor. Functional diagrams are used to portray sensors as a set of logical functions, and static sensitivity is derived from a sensor’s transfer equation, focusing attention on sensor physics and on ways in which particular designs might be improved. Sensor performance specifications are explored, helping to compare various instruments and to tell users what to expect as a reasonable level of performance. Finally, the text examines the critical area of environmental exposure of instruments. In a well-designed, properly installed, and well-maintained meteorological measurement system, exposure problems are usually the largest source of error, making this chapter one of the most useful sections of the book.

Meteorological measurement systems 1st Table of contents:

1 Overview
1.1 Instrument Design and Selection
1.1.1 Performance Characteristics
1.1.2 Functional Model
1.1.3 Sources of Error
1.2 Standards
1.2.1 Calibration
1.2.2 Performance
1.2.3 Exposure
1.2.4 Procedural
1.3 System Integration
1.3.1 Instrument Platforms
1.3.2 Communication Systems
1.3.3 Power Source
1.4 Human Aspects of Measurement
1.4.1 Human Perception versus Sensor Measurements
1.4.2 Reasons for Automation
1.4.3 Design, Implementation, and Maintenance of Measurement Systems
1.4.4 Interpretation of Sensor Specifications
1.4.5 Interpretation of Results
1.4.6 Human Judgment
1.5 Quality Assurance
1.5.1 Laboratory Calibrations
1.5.2 Field Intercomparisons
1.5.3 Data Monitoring
1.5.4 Documentation
1.5.5 Independent Review
1.5.6 Publication of Data Quality Assessment
1.6 Scope of this Text
Questions
Bibliography
General Instrumentation References
2 Barometry
2.1 Atmospheric Pressure
2.2 Direct Measurement of Pressure
2.2.1 Mercury Barometers
2.2.2 Aneroid Barometers
2.3 Indirect Measurement of Pressure
2.3.1 Boiling Point of a Liquid
2.4 Comparison of Barometer Types
2.4.1 Mercury Barometers
2.4.2 Aneroid Barometers
2.4.3 Hypsometer
2.5 Exposure Error
2.6 Laboratory Experiment
2.7 Calibration of Barometers
Questions
Bibliography
3 Static Performance Characteristics
3.1 Some Definitions
3.2 Static Calibration
3.2.1 Definition of Terms Related to the Transfer Plot
3.2.2 Calibration Procedure
3.3 Example of a Static Calibration
3.4 Multiple Sources of Error
3.5 Significant Figures
Questions and Problems
Bibliography
4 Thermometry
4.1 Thermal Expansion
4.1.1 Bimetallic Strip
4.1.2 Liquid-in-Glass Thermometer
4.2 Thermoelectric Sensors
4.3 Electrical Resistance Sensors
4.3.1 Resistance Temperature Detectors
4.3.2 Thermistors
4.4 Comparison of Temperature Sensors
4.5 Exposure of Temperature Sensors
Questions
Bibliography
Notes
5 Hygrometry
5.1 Water Vapor Pressure
5.2 Definitions
5.3 Methods for Measuring Humidity
5.3.1 Removal of Water Vapor from Moist Air
5.3.2 Addition of Water Vapor to Air
5.3.3 Equilibrium Sorption of Water Vapor
5.3.4 Measurement of Physical Properties of Moist Air
5.3.5 Attainment of Vapor-Liquid or Vapor-Solid Equilibrium
5.3.6 Chemical Reactions
5.4 Choice of Humidity Sensor
5.5 Calibration of Humidity Sensors
5.6 Exposure of Humidity Sensors
Questions
Laboratory Exercises
Bibliography
Notes
6 Dynamic Performance Characteristics, Part
6.1 First-Order Systems
6.1.1 Step-Function Input
6.1.2 Ramp Input
6.1.3 Sinusoidal Input
6.2 Experimental Determination of Dynamic Performance Parameters
6.3 Application to Temperature Sensors
Questions
Bibliography
7 Anemometry
7.1 Methods of Measurement
7.1.1 Wind Force
7.1.2 Heat Dissipation
7.1.3 Speed of Sound
7.2 Calibration
7.3 Exposure
7.4 Wind Data Processing
Questions
Bibliography
8 Dynamic Performance Characteristics, Part 2
8.1 Generalized Dynamic Performance Models
8.2 Energy Storage Reservoirs
8.3 Second-Order Systems
8.3.1 Step Function Input
8.3.2 Ramp Input
8.3.3 Sinusoidal Input
8.4 Application to Sensors
8.5 Experimental Determination of Dynamic Performance Parameters
Questions
Bibliography
9 Precipitation Rate
9.1 Definitions
9.2 Methods of Measurement
9.2.1 Point Precipitation Measurement
9.2.2 Radar Rain Measurement
Questions
Bibliography
10 Solar and Earth Radiation
10.1 Definitions
10.2 Methods of Measurement
10.2.1 Pyrheliometers
10.2.2 Pyranometers
10.2.3 Pyrgeometers
10.2.4 Pyrradiometers
10.3 Measurement Errors
10.4 Exposure
Questions
Bibliography
11 Visibility and Cloud Height
11.1 Definitions
11.2 Measurement of Visibility
11.2.1 Transmissometer
11.2.2 Forward Scatter Meters
11.3 Measurement of Cloud Height
11.3.1 Rotating Beam Ceilometer
11.3.2 Laser Ceilometer
Questions
Bibliography
12 Upper Air Measurements
12.1 Methods for Making Upper Air Measurements
12.1.1 Remote Sensing
12.1.2 In-Situ Platforms
12.2 Balloons
12.3 Wind Measurement
12.3.1 Theodolites
12.3.2 Radar
12.3.3 Navigation Aids
12.4 Radiosondes
12.5 Exposure Error
Questions
Bibliography
13 Sampling and Analog-to-Digital Conversion
13.1 Signal Path
13.2 Drift
13.3 Sampling
13.4 Analog-to-Digital Conversion
13.5 Information Content of a Signal
Questions
Bibliography
A Units and Constants
International System of Units (SI)
Numerical Values
Bibliography
B Thermistor Circuit Analysis
B.1 A Thermistor
B.2 A Circuit
B.3 An Alternative Calibration Equation
C A Data Logger
C.1 The Data Logger
C.2 Application in a Measurement System
D Circuits
D.1 Fundamentals
D.2 Simple Circuits
Questions
E Geophysical Coordinate System
E.1 Geophysical versus Mathematical Coordinate System
E.2 Mathematical Coordinates
E.3 Geophysical Coordinates
F Instrumentation Glossary

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