Materials for Biofuels 1st Edition by Arthur J Ragauskas ISBN 981451327X 9789814513272

Materials for Biofuels 1st Edition by Arthur J Ragauskas – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 981451327X, 9789814513272
Full download Materials for Biofuels 1st Edition after payment

Product details:

ISBN 10: 981451327X 
ISBN 13: 9789814513272
Author: Arthur J Ragauskas

Materials for Biofuels 1st Table of contents:

Chapter 1 What is Biomass
1. Introduction
2. Drivers for Biomass
3. Biomass Types
4. Understanding Lignocellulosic Biomass
4.1. Composition of lignocellulosic biomass
4.2. Physical and chemical characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass
4.2.1. Cellulose
4.2.2. Hemicellulose
4.2.3. Lignin
4.2.4. Ash content and inorganic element profiles
4.2.5. Extractive content
4.2.6. Elemental composition
4.2.7. Heating values
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2 Biomass Recalcitrance and the Contributing Cell Wall Factors
1. Introduction
2. Structural Features
3. Molecular Features
3.1. Cellulose crystallinity
3.2. Cellulose degree of polymerization
3.3. Cellulose accessibility
4. Chemical Features
4.1. Lignin
4.2. Hemicellulose
4.3. Pectin
4.4. Acetyl groups
References
Chapter 3 Reduction of Biomass Recalcitrance via Water/Acid Pretreatments
1. Introduction
2. Technical Process of DAP and HTP
2.1. Dilute acid pretreatment
2.2. Hydrothermal pretreatment
3. Hemicelluloses Hydrolysis and Porosity during DAP and HTP
4. Cellulose Crystallinity and Degree of Polymerization during DAP and HTP
5. Lignin Behavior during DAP and HTP
6. Pseudo-lignin Formation
7. Conclusions and Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4 Reduction of Biomass Recalcitrance via Organosolv Pretreatments
1. Introduction
2. Overview of Organosolv Pretreatment
3. Mechanism of Organosolv Pretreatment for Reduction of Recalcitrance
4. Cellulose Behavior during Organosolv Pretreatment
5. Lignin Behavior during Organosolv Pretreatment
6. Conclusions and Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5 Reduction of Biomass Recalcitrance via Ionic Liquid Pretreatments
1. Introduction
1.1. What are ionic liquids?
1.2. What biofuels are possible from IL pretreatments
2. Biomass Solubility
2.1. Solubility and stability of wood and wood biopolymers in ILs
2.2. Solubility of wood in IL-based organic electrolytes
3. IL-Aided Fractionation as a Pretreatment for Saccharification
4. Tolerance of Enzymes/Microorganisms to IL Systems
5. Ionic Liquid Recyclability and Recycling Strategies
6. Challenges and Future Outlook
References
Chapter 6 Enzymatic Deconstruction of Lignocellulose to Fermentable Sugars
1. Introduction
2. Enzymatic System
2.1. Cellulase enzyme system
2.2. Hemicellulase enzyme system
2.3. Lignin modifying enzymes
2.4. Pectin degrading enzymes
3. Cellulose Enzymatic Saccharification
3.1. Enzyme behavior in hydrolysis
3.2. Cellulase adsorption and desorption
3.3. Carbohydrate-bonding modules
3.4. Trichoderma reesei system
4. Factors Influencing Lignocelluloses Enzymatic Hydrolysis
4.1. Experimental conditions involved factors
4.2. Substrate features involved factors
4.3. Enzyme related factors
5. Strategies to Enhance Enzymatic Hydrolysis
5.1. Synergistic effects on enzymatic hydrolysis
5.2. Additives and surfactants
6. Conclusions and Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 7 Fermentation to Bioethanol/Biobutanol Tao Ma, Matyas Kosa, Qining Sun
1. Introduction
2. Biochemical Fermenting Microorganisms and Developments
2.1. Yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2.2. Bacteria-Zymomonas mobilis
2.3. Genetically engineered microorganisms
2.3.1. Pentose metabolism in yeast, bacteria and fungi
2.3.2. Metabolic engineering of yeast strains
2.3.3. Engineering of Z. mobilis for xylose and arabinose metabolism
2.3.4. Engineering of Escherichia coli for ethanol/butanol production
2.3.5. Engineering K. oxytoca for ethanol production
3. Direct Ethanol Fermentation Processing Strategies
3.1. Separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF)
3.2. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
3.3. Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF)
3.4. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP)
4. Biomass-derived Syngas Fermentation to Biofuels
4.1. Biomass gasification
4.2. Metabolic pathways and biochemical reactions
4.3. Reactor design for syngas fermentation
4.4. Important factors affecting syngas fermentation
4.4.1. Inhibitory compounds
4.4.2. Mass transfer
4.4.3. pH and temperature
4.4.4. Types of microorganism and growth media
4.4.5. Industrial-scale syngas fermentation and economics
5. Biobutanol Fermentation
6. Summary and Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8 Pyrolysis of Biomass to Bio-oils Haoxi Ben
1. Introduction
2. Lignocellulose
2.1. Cellulose
2.2. Hemicelluloses
2.3. Lignin
3. Pyrolysis of Biomass Components
3.1 Pyrolysis of lignin
3.1.1. Gas products of pyrolysis of lignin
3.1.2. Liquid products of pyrolysis of lignin
3.2. Pyrolysis of cellulose
3.3. Pyrolysis of hemicellulose
3.4. Pyrolysis of tannin
4. Characterization Methods of Pyrolysis Oil
4.1. FT-IR analysis of lignin pyrolysis oil
4.2. NMR analysis of pyrolysis oil
4.3. Elemental analysis, viscosity, acidity, heating value and solid residue of pyrolysis oil
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9 Upgrade of Bio-Oil to Bio-Fuel and Bio-Chemical
1. Introduction
2. Aging Process of Pyrolysis Oils
3. Upgrade Pyrolysis Oil with Zeolites
3.1. Influences of Si/Al ratios of zeolites on the properties of upgraded pyrolysis oils
3.2. Influences of frameworks of zeolites on the properties of upgraded pyrolysis oils
4. Hydrodeoxygenation of Pyrolysis Oils
4.1. Catalysts used in hydrodeoxygenation process
4.2. Sulfided catalyst
4.3. Noble metal catalyst
4.3.1. Platinum
4.3.2. Palladium
4.3.3. Rhodium
4.3.4. Ruthenium
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 10 Corrosion Issues in Biofuels
1. Introduction
2. Corrosion
3. Constituents of Biofuels and Their Potential Relationships to Corrosiveness to Steels
3.1 Corrosion issues in ethanol and methanol biofuels
3.1.1. Chloride contamination of FGE
3.1.2. Effects of water concentration on corrosion and SCC of steels in methanol and ethanol biofuels
3.1.3. Understanding the mechanisms of effects of water on corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in methanol and ethanol biofuels
3.1.4. Role of dissolved oxygen in corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of carbon steels in ethanol biofuels
3.1.5. Corrosive effects of organic impurities in fuel grade ethanol
3.1.6. Corrosion of materials in ethanol/gasoline blended fuels
3.2. Corrosion issues in biodiesel
3.2.1. Microbial corrosion in biodiesel
3.2.2. Stress corrosion cracking in biodiesel
3.3. Corrosion issues in bio-oils or pyrolysis oils
3.3.1. Effect of water content and temperature on pyrolysis oil corrosivity
4. Conclusions
References
Chapter 11 Incorporation of Biofuels Technology into a Pulp Mill Marko Hakovirta
1. Introduction
2. Biofuels Landscape in the United States
3. Biorefinery Concepts
3.1. The conversion pathways
3.1.1. Solid biomass gasification
3.1.2. Gasification-based biorefineries integrated with pulp mills
3.1.3. Fast pyrolysis
3.1.4. Acid hydrolysis and fermentation
3.1.5. Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation
4. Lignin and Its Opportunities in Biorefineries
4.1. Lignin sources in biorefinery concepts
4.1.1. Lignin from Kraft pulping process
4.1.2. Lignin from sulfite pulping process
4.1.3. Other lignin production technologies
5. Future of Biorefining in Pulp Mills
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12 Integrated Possibilities of Producing Biofuels in Chemical Pulping Raimo Alén
1. Introduction
1.1. Pulping processes
1.2. Possibilities of pulping-based biofuel production
2. Autohydrolysis of Wood Chips
2.1. Basic considerations
2.2. Autohydrolysate-based products
3. By-Products of Kraft Pulping
3.1. Extractives
3.2. Lignin
4. Thermochemical Treatment of Black Liquor
4.1. General aspects
4.2. Gasification
4.3. Liquefaction
5. By-Products of Acid Sulfite Pulping

People also search for Materials for Biofuels 1st:

    
raw materials for the production of biofuels
    
what materials can be used to make biofuels
    
biofuels are produced from what material
    
what products are used to make biofuel
    
materials needed to use biodiesel

Tags: Arthur J Ragauskas, Materials, Biofuels