Labeling People French Scholars On Society Race And Empire 1815 1848 1st Edition by Martin S Staum ISBN 0773525807 9780773525801

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Product details:

ISBN 10: 0773525807

ISBN 13: 9780773525801 

Author: Martin S. Staum

Nineteenth-century French scholars, during a turbulent era of revolution and industrialization, ranked intelligence and character according to facial profile, skin colour, and head shape. They believed that such indicators could determine whether individuals were educable and peoples perfectible. In Labeling People Martin Staum examines the Paris societies of phrenology (reading intelligence and character by head shapes), geography, and ethnology and their techniques for classifying people. He shows how the work of these social scientists gave credence to the arrangement of races in a hierarchy, the domination of non-European peoples, and the limitation of opportunities for ill-favoured individuals within France. social scientists before 1848 with a later period of concern for national decline and racial degeneration, Staum demonstrates that the earlier learned societies were also fearful of turmoil at home and interested in adventure abroad. Both geographers and ethnologists created concepts of fundamental racial inequality that prefigured the imperialist associationist discourse of the Third Republic, believing that European tutelage would guide civilizable peoples, and providing an open invitation to dominate and exploit the uncivilizable.

Table of contents:

1. The Hill Culture and the Nineteenth-Century Organic Society

2. The Facial Angle, Physiognomy, and Racial Theory

3. The Ambivalence of Phrenology

4. Human Geography, “Race,” and Empire

5. Ethnology and the Civilizability of “Races”

6. Constructing the “Other” in the Early Social Sciences

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Tags: Martin S Staum, Labeling People, French Scholars, Society, Race, Empire, 1815, 1848