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Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments Inventions and Discoveries of the 18th Century 1st Edition by Jonathan Shectman ISBN 0313072434 9780313072437

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Author(s): Jonathan Shectman
ISBN(s): 9780313072437, 0313072434
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 19.00 MB
Year: 2003
Language: english
SKU: EB-1950746 Category: Tag:

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ISBN 10: 0313072434
ISBN 13: 9780313072437
Author: Jonathan Shectman

The 18th century saw the emergence of the industrial and chemical revolutions and witnessed the near-universal acceptance of applied science. It was a time of revolutionary, lasting transformation for the practice of science and mathematics. Most procedures and precepts of modern science took hold during the 18th century, when scientists first paired scientific research with practical application to astonishing results. In over 60 alphabetical entries, Shectman examines at the tremendous scientific discoveries, inventions, and inquiries of the period. Familiar topics such as the steam engine and hot air balloon are covered, along with lesser-known topics such as the Watt copy press and Newton’s experimentum crucis. A thorough discussion of each entry’s scientific impact provides readers with an understanding of the lasting social and political importance of these advancements. Narratives enrich the entries by adding context and perspective to the century’s fascinating scientific history. Students and researchers will find this reference book easy to use. Included are an appendix of entries listed by scientific field, a glossary of terms, indexes by name and subject.

Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments Inventions and Discoveries of the 18th Century 1st Table of contents:

  1. Timeline of Important Events
  2. Experiments, Inventions and Discoveries
  3. List of Entries
  4. Animal Physiology and Experimental Pathology
  5. Animal Respiration Obtains Oxygen and Eliminates Carbon Dioxide
  6. Atmospheric Composition Is Constant
  7. Ballistic Pendulum and Physics of Spinning Projectiles
  8. Balloon Flight
  9. Binary System
  10. Calculus of Finite Differences and Differential Equations
  11. Carbon Dioxide Is a Distinct Gas
  12. Charles’s Law of Gases
  13. Chemical Cells Can Store Usable Electricity
  14. Chlorine Is a Distinct Gas That Can Be Easily Produced in a Laboratory
  15. Citrus Prevents Scurvy
  16. Comets Follow Predictable Orbits, Cycles, and Returns
  17. Corpuscular Model of Light and Color
  18. Cotton Gin
  19. Coulomb’s Law
  20. Digestion Is Primarily a Chemical Process
  21. Discovery of Nitrogen
  22. Electrical Conductors and Insulators
  23. Electricity Can Produce Light
  24. Electricity Is of Two Types: Positive and Negative
  25. Farmer’s Almanac
  26. Franklin’s Electrical Researches, Discoveries and Inventions
  27. Franklin’s Practical Household Inventions
  28. Heat Is a Form of Energy, Not the Element Caloric
  29. Hydrodynamics
  30. Hydrogen Is an Element
  31. Immunization Prevents Smallpox
  32. Latent and Specific Heat
  33. Law of Conservation of Mass
  34. Metric System of Measurement
  35. Microscopic Organisms Reproduce, Rather Than Spontaneously Generate
  36. Milky Way Is a Lens-Shaped Distribution of Stars
  37. Modern Dentistry
  38. Modern Encyclopedia
  39. Modern Entomology and the “History” of Insects
  40. Navigational Quadrant (Octant and Sextant)
  41. Newtonian Black Holes or “Dark Stars” Are Devoid of Light
  42. Optical and Mechanical Telegraphs
  43. Oxygen Is an Element That Supports Combustion
  44. Phlogiston (or the First Reasonable, Rational Theory of Chemistry)
  45. Plant Physiology Is Independent of Animal Physiology
  46. Plants Use Sunlight to Absorb Gas, and They Reproduce through Insect Pollination
  47. Priestley’s Chemical Experiments, Discoveries and Inventions
  48. Principle of Least Action
  49. Proper Motion of the Stars and Sun through Space
  50. Proust’s Law of Constant Proportions
  51. Rational System of Chemical Nomenclature
  52. Scientific Morphology and Taxonomy of Animals and Plants
  53. Spinning Machines
  54. Steamboat
  55. Steam Engine
  56. Stellar Aberration and Speed of Light
  57. Substances Fall into One of Two Distinct Chemical Categories: Elements or Compounds
  58. Thermometry Instruments and Scales
  59. Three “Primary” Colors Are Sufficient to Produce All Others
  60. Uranus Is a Planet
  61. Venus Has an Atmosphere
  62. Water Is a Compound of Hydrogen and Oxygen
  63. Weaving Machines
  64. “Weighing” the World by Measuring Gravitational Constant
  65. Wet Transfer Copying Process (a.k.a. Copying Press)
  66. Appendix: Entries Listed by Scientific Field
  67. Glossary of Technical Terms

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