Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineering 1st Edition by J Kenneth Shultis ,Richard E Faw ISBN 0824708342 978-0824708344

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Product details: 

ISBN 10:0824708342

ISBN 13:978-0824708344

Author:J.Kenneth Shultis ,Richard E.Faw

Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineering provides an ideal introduction to the subject. The first half of the text reviews the important results of “modern” physics and introduces the fundamentals of nuclear science. The second half introduces the theory of nuclear reactors and its application in electrical power production and propulsion. It also surveys many other applications of nuclear technology encountered in space research, industry, and medicine. Each chapter contains extensive problem sets, and appendices at the end of the text furnish large amounts of practical data that enable students to perform a wealth of calculations.

Among the myriad concepts, principles, and applications addressed in this text, Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineering

• Describes sources of radiation, radiation interactions, and the results of such interactions
  
• Summarizes developments in the creation of atomic and nuclear models
  
• Develops the kinematics and energetics of nuclear reactions and radioactivity
  
• Identifies and assesses biological risks associated with ionizing radiation
  
• Presents the theory of nuclear reactors and their dynamic behavior
  
• Discusses the design and characteristics of modern nuclear power reactors
  
• Summarizes the nuclear fuel cycle and radioactive waste management
  
• Describes methods for directly converting nuclear energy into electricity
  
• Presents an overview of nuclear propulsion for ships and space crafts
  
• Explores the use of nuclear techniques in medical therapy and diagnosis
  
• Covers basic concepts in theory of special relativity, wave-particle duality, and quantum mechanics

  Fundamentals of Nuclear Science and Engineering builds the background students embarking on the study of nuclear engineering and technology need to understand and quantify nuclear phenomena and to move forward into higher-level studies.

Table of contents: 

1 Fundamental Concepts
1.1 Modern Units
1.1.1 Special Nuclear Units
1.1.2 Physical Constants
1.2 The Atom
1.2.1 Atomic and Nuclear Nomenclature
1.2.2 Atomic and Molecular Weights
1.2.3 Avogadro’s Number
1.2.4 Mass of an Atom
1.2.5 Atomic Number Density
1.2.6 Size of an Atom
1.2.7 Atomic and Isotopic Abundances
1.2.8 Nuclear Dimensions
1.3 Chart of the Nuclides
1.3.1 Other Sources of Atomic/Nuclear Information
2 Modern Physics Concepts
2.1 The Special Theory of Relativity
2.1.1 Principle of Relativity
2.1.2 Results of the Special Theory of Relativity
2.2 Radiation as Waves and Particles
2.2.1 The Photoelectric Effect
2.2.2 Compton Scattering
2.2.3 Electromagnetic Radiation: Wave-Particle Duality
2.2.4 Electron Scattering
2.2.5 Wave-Particle Duality
2.3 Quantum Mechanics
2.3.1 Schrodinger’s Wave Equation
2.3.2 The Wave Function
2.3.3 The Uncertainty Principle
2.3.4 Success of Quantum Mechanics
2.4 Addendum 1: Derivation of Some Special Relativity Results
2.4.1 Time Dilation

2.4.2 Length Contraction
2.4.3 Mass Increase
2.5 Addendum 2: Solutions to Schrodinger’s Wave Equation
2.5.1 The Particle in a Box
2.5.2 The Hydrogen Atom
2.5.3 Energy Levels for Multielectron Atoms
3 Atomic/Nuclear Models
3.1 Development of the Modern Atom Model
3.1.1 Discovery of Radioactivity
3.1.2 Thomson’s Atomic Model: The Plum Pudding Model
3.1.3 The Rutherford Atomic Model
3.1.4 The Bohr Atomic Model
3.1.5 Extension of the Bohr Theory: Elliptic Orbits
3.1.6 The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
3.2 Models of the Nucleus
3.2.1 Fundamental Properties of the Nucleus
3.2.2 The Proton-Electron Model
3.2.3 The Proton-Neutron Model
3.2.4 Stability of Nuclei
3.2.5 The Liquid Drop Model of the Nucleus
3.2.6 The Nuclear Shell Model
3.2.7 Other Nuclear Models
4 Nuclear Energetics
4.1 Binding Energy
4.1.1 Nuclear and Atomic Masses
4.1.2 Binding Energy of the Nucleus
4.1.3 Average Nuclear Binding Energies
4.2 Niicleon Separation Energy
4.3 Nuclear Reactions
4.4 Examples of Binary Nuclear Reactions
4.4.1 Multiple Reaction Outcomes
4.5 Q-Value for a Reaction
4.5.1 Binary Reactions
4.5.2 Radioactive Decay Reactions
4.6 Conservation of Charge and the Calculation of Q-Values
4.6.1 Special Case for Changes in the Proton Number
4.7 Q-Value for Reactions Producing Excited Nulcei
5 Radioactivity
5.1 Overview
5.2 Types of Radioactive Decay
5.3 Energetics of Radioactive Decay
5.3.1 Gamma Decay
5.3.2 Alpha-Particle Decay
5.3.3 Beta-Particle Decay

5.3.4 Positron Decay
5.3.5 Electron Capture
5.3.6 Neutron Decay
5.3.7 Proton Decay
5.3.8 Internal Conversion
5.3.9 Examples of Energy-Level Diagrams
5.4 Characteristics of Radioactive Decay
5.4.1 The Decay Constant
5.4.2 Exponential Decay
5.4.3 The Half-Life
5.4.4 Decay Probability for a Finite Time Interval
5.4.5 Mean Lifetime
5.4.6 Activity
5.4.7 Half-Life Measurement
5.4.8 Decay by Competing Processes
5.5 Decay Dynamics
5.5.1 Decay with Production
5.5.2 Three Component Decay Chains
5.5.3 General Decay Chain
5.6 Naturally Occurring Radionuclides
5.6.1 Cosmogenic Radionuclides
5.6.2 Singly Occurring Primordial Radionuclides
5.6.3 Decay Series of Primordial Origin
5.6.4 Secular Equilibrium
5.7 Radiodating
5.7.1 Measuring the Decay of a Parent
5.7.2 Measuring the Buildup of a Stable Daughter
6 Binary Nuclear Reactions
6.1 Types of Binary Reactions
6.1.1 The Compound Nucleus
6.2 Kinematics of Binary Two-Product Nuclear Reactions
6.2.1 Energy/Mass Conservation
6.2.2 Conservation of Energy and Linear Momentum
6.3 Reaction Threshold Energy
6.3.1 Kinematic Threshold
6.3.2 Coulomb Barrier Threshold
6.3.3 Overall Threshold Energy
6.4 Applications of Binary Kinematics
6.4.1 A Neutron Detection Reaction
6.4.2 A Neutron Production Reaction
6.4.3 Heavy Particle Scattering from an Electron
6.5 Reactions Involving Neutrons
6.5.1 Neutron Scattering
6.5.2 Neutron Capture Reactions
6.5.3 Fission Reactions
6.6 Characteristics of the Fission Reaction

6.6.1 Fission Products
6.6.2 Neutron Emission in Fission
6.6.3 Energy Released in Fission
6.7 Fusion Reactions
6.7.1 Thermonuclear Fusion
6.7.2 Energy Production in Stars
6.7.3 Nucleogenesis
7 Radiation Interactions with Matter
7.1 Attenuation of Neutral Particle Beams
7.1.1 The Linear Interaction Coefficient
7.1.2 Attenuation of Uncollided Radiation
7.1.3 Average Travel Distance Before an Interaction
7.1.4 Half-Thickness
7.1.5 Scattered Radiation
7.1.6 Microscopic Cross Sections
7.2 Calculation of Radiation Interaction Rates
7.2.1 Flux Density
7.2.2 Reaction-Rate Density
7.2.3 Generalization to Energy- and Time-Dependent Situations
7.2.4 Radiation Fluence
7.2.5 Uncollided Flux Density from an Isotropic Point Source
7.3 Photon Interactions
7.3.1 Photoelectric Effect
7.3.2 Compton Scattering
7.3.3 Pair Production
7.3.4 Photon Attenuation Coefficients
7.4 Neutron Interactions
7.4.1 Classification of Types of Interactions
7.4.2 Fission Cross Sections
7.5 Attenuation of Charged Particles
7.5.1 Interaction Mechanisms
7.5.2 Particle Range
7.5.3 Stopping Power
7.5.4 Estimating Charged-Particle Ranges
8 Detection and Measurement of Radiation
8.1 Gas-Filled Radiation Detectors
8.1.1 lonization Chambers
8.1.2 Proportional Counters
8.1.3 Geiger-Mueller Counters
8.2 Scintillation Detectors
8.3 Semiconductor lonizing-Radiation Detectors
8.4 Personal Dosimeters
8.4.1 The Pocket Ion Chamber
8.4.2 The Film Badge
8.4.3 The Thermoluminescent Dosimeter

8.5 Measurement Theory
8.5.1 Types of Measurement Uncertainties
8.5.2 Uncertainty Assignment Based Upon Counting Statistics
8.5.3 Dead Time
8.5.4 Energy Resolution
9 Radiation Doses and Hazard Assessment
9.1 Historical Roots
9.2 Dosimetric Quantities
9.2.1 Energy Imparted to the Medium
9.2.2 Absorbed Dose
9.2.3 Kerma
9.2.4 Calculating Kerma and Absorbed Doses
9.2.5 Exposure
9.2.6 Relative Biological Effectiveness
9.2.7 Dose Equivalent
9.2.8 Quality Factor
9.2.9 Effective Dose Equivalent
9.2.10 Effective Dose
9.3 Natural Exposures for Humans
9.4 Health Effects from Large Acute Doses
9.4.1 Effects on Individual Cells
9.4.2 Deterministic Effects in Organs and Tissues
9.4.3 Potentially Lethal Exposure to Low-LET Radiation
9.5 Hereditary Effects
9.5.1 Classification of Genetic Effects
9.5.2 Summary of Risk Estimates
9.5.3 Estimating Gonad Doses and Genetic Risks
9.6 Cancer Risks from Radiation Exposures
9.6.1 Dose-Response Models for Cancer
9.6.2 Average Cancer Risks for Exposed Populations
9.7 Radon and Lung Cancer Risks
9.7.1 Radon Activity Concentrations
9.7.2 Lung Cancer Risks
9.8 Radiation Protection Standards
9.8.1 Risk-Related Dose Limits
9.8.2 The 1987 NCRP Exposure Limits
10 Principles of Nuclear Reactors
10.1 Neutron Moderation
10.2 Thermal-Neutron Properties of Fuels
10.3 The Neutron Life Cycle in a Thermal Reactor
10.3.1 Quantification of the Neutron Cycle
10.3.2 Effective Multiplication Factor
10.4 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Cores
10.5 Reflectors
10.6 Reactor Kinetics

10.6.1 A Simple Reactor Kinetics Model
10.6.2 Delayed Neutrons
10.6.3 Reactivity and Delta-k
10.6.4 Revised Simplified Reactor Kinetics Models
10.6.5 Power Transients Following a Reactivity Insertion
10.7 Reactivity Feedback
10.7.1 Feedback Caused by Isotopic Changes
10.7.2 Feedback Caused by Temperature Changes
10.8 Fission Product Poisons
10.8.1 Xenon Poisoning
10.8.2 Samarium Poisoning
10.9 Addendum 1: The Diffusion Equation
10.9.1 An Example Fixed-Source Problem
10.9.2 An Example Criticality Problem
10.9.3 More Detailed Neutron-Field Descriptions
10.10 Addendum 2: Kinetic Model with Delayed Neutrons
10.11 Addendum 3: Solution for a Step Reactivity Insertion
11 Nuclear Power
11.1 Nuclear Electric Power
11.1.1 Electricity from Thermal Energy
11.1.2 Conversion Efficiency
11.1.3 Some Typical Power Reactors
11.1.4 Coolant Limitations
11.2 Pressurized Water Reactors
11.2.1 The Steam Cycle of a PWR
11.2.2 Major Components of a PWR
11.3 Boiling Water Reactors
11.3.1 The Steam Cycle of a BWR
11.3.2 Major Components of a BWR
11.4 New Designs for Central-Station Power
11.4.1 Certified Evolutionary Designs
11.4.2 Certified Passive Design
11.4.3 Other Evolutionary LWR Designs
11.4.4 Gas Reactor Technology
11.5 The Nuclear Fuel Cycle
11.5.1 Uranium Requirements and Availability
11.5.2 Enrichment Techniques
11.5.3 Radioactive Waste
11.5.4 Spent Fuel
11.6 Nuclear Propulsion
11.6.1 Naval Applications
11.6.2 Other Marine Applications
11.6.3 Nuclear Propulsion in Space
12 Other Methods for Converting Nuclear Energy to Electricity
12.1 Thermoelectric Generators
12.1.1 Radionuclide Thermoelectric Generators

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