Estimating for Builders and Surveyors 2nd Edition by Ross Buchan, Eric Fleming, Fiona Grant ISBN 9781136405075 1136405070

1 Introduction

The UK construction industry

Introduction to estimating

The invitation to tender

The estimating method

Tender procedure

Negotiated tender

Selective tendering for design and build

2 The cost of labour

The all-in hourly rate

The Working Rules

Estimating the cost of labour

Entitlement to basic and additional rates of pay (WR1)

Work in difficult conditions (WR1 – Schedule 2)

Bonus (WR2)

Working hours (WR3)

Overtime (WR4)

Daily fare and travel allowance (WR5)

Rotary shift working (WR6)

Night work (WR7)

Continuous working (WR8)

Tide work (WR9)

Tunnel work (WR10)

Refuelling, servicing, maintenance and repairs (WR11)

Storage of tools (WR12)

Loss of clothing (WR13)

Transfer arrangements (WR14)

Subsistence allowance (WR15)

Periodic leave (WR16)

Guaranteed minimum weekly earnings (WR17)

Annual holidays (WR18)

Sick pay (WR20)

Benefit schemes (WR21)

Scaffolders (WR 26)

Employer’s Contributions for National Insurance

Employer’s liability insurance

Construction Industry Training Board levy

Redundancy funding

Supervision: foremen, chargehands, gangers

Bonus, incentive and productivity schemes

Excess overtime allowance

Practical estimating

3 Mechanical plant

Introduction

Purchase or hire?

Depreciation

Life of plant

Hours worked per annum

Repairs and renewals

Tracks and tyres

Inflation

Summary

4 Preliminaries SMM7 Section A

Introduction

Project particulars (A10)

Tender and contract documents (A11)

The site/existing buildings (A12)

Description of the works (A13)

The contract/sub-contract (A20)

Employer’s requirements

Dayworks (A55)

Collection of example costs

5 Excavation and filling SMM7 Section D2

Site preparation

Lifting turf for preservation

Excavation: general remarks

Hand excavation

Depth and throw

Soil conditions

Outputs

Machine excavation

Ground water

Services

Breaking out

Working space

Earthwork support

Disposal of water

Disposal of excavated material

Filling to excavations

Surface packing

Surface treatments

6 Concrete work SMM7 Sections E11, E20, E30, F31

In situ concrete

Materials

Weights and volumes

Shrinkage in concrete mix

Costing for shrinkage

Mixer costs

Labour costs

Reinforcement for in situ concrete

7 Brickwork and blockwork SMM7 Sections F10, F30

Introduction

Mortar

Bricks per wall area

Labour costs

Common brickwork

Brickwork sundries

Facing brickwork

Jointing and pointing

Special brickwork

Blockwork

8 Underpinning SMM7 Sections C30, D50

Introduction

Shoring (C30)

Underpinning (D50)

9 Roof coverings SMM7 Sections H60, H62, H63, H71

Slate roofing

Tile roofing

Clay plain roof tiles

Concrete roofing tiles

Lead sheet coverings and flashings

Fixing accessories for external leadwork

Copper clips

Nails

Screws

Solder

Underlay

Outputs

10 Asphalt work SMM7 Sections J20, J21, M11

Introduction

Plant

Materials

Labour

Wastage

Building-up rates

11 Woodwork carpentry: first fixings SMM7 Sections G20, K10, K31

Special requirements

Timber sizes and costs

Fastenings and adhesives

Labour constants

Examples of rates calculation

12 Woodwork joinery: second fixings and finishings SMM7 Sections K11, K20, L10, L20, L30, P20, P21

Introduction

13 Structural steelwork and metalwork SMM7 Sections G10, G12, Lll, L21, L31

Introduction

Isolated structural metal members (G12)

Metal windows/rooflights/screens/louvres (L11)

Metal stairs/walkways/balustrades (L31)

14 Plumbing installations SMM7 Sections R10, Rll, Y10r Yll, N13

Introduction

All-in rates for pipe

Joints

Special tools

Labour costs and outputs

Copper pipework and fittings

Soil, waste and ventilation piping

Rainwater goods

Plastic water supply piping

Sanitary fittings

Water tanks and cylinders

Central heating systems

Polybutylene hot and cold water piping and fittings

15 Linings, partitions and surface finishes SMM7 Sections K10, K31, K41, M10, M20, M30, M40

Plasterboard

Cement/sand screeds

Granolithic screeds

Plastered and rendered coatings

Roughcast coatings

Beads

Metal mesh lathing

Fibrous plasterwork

Ceramic and quarry tiling

16 Glazing SMM7 Sections L40

Introduction

Estimating for glazing

Types of glass

Sealed multiple glazed units

Roof and wall glazing

17 Decorative papers and painting SMM7 Sections M52, M60

Painting and clear finishing

Decorative papers

18 Drainage SMM7 Sections R12, R13

Excavating drainage trenches

Hand excavation of pipe trenches

Machine excavation of pipe trenches

Pipework: vitrified clay and uPVC

Beds and surrounds

19 Electrical work SMM7 Sections V, P31

Introduction

Primary switchgear

Cabling

Builder’s work

20 Analogous rates

Introduction

Elements of analogous rates

Procedure

Interpretation of bills and schedules

21 Information technology

Introduction

Background

Text/graphics

Project management

Data analysis

Drawings/CAD

Communications

Networks

22 Tender strategy

Introduction

The company plan

Tender policy

Construction of a cash flow diagram

Risk and uncertainty

Appendix A Cost of mortars, renders and fine aggregate screeds

Introduction

Data for mortar costing

Manual costing

Spreadsheet costing

Index