Environmentally Benign Approaches for Pulp Bleaching 2nd Edition by Pratima Bajpai 0444594213 9780444594211

Environmentally Benign Approaches for Pulp Bleaching 2nd Edition by Pratima Bajpai – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0444594213, 9780444594211

Full download Environmentally Benign Approaches for Pulp Bleaching 2nd Edition after payment

Product details:

ISBN 10: 0444594213
ISBN 13: 9780444594211
Author: Pratima Bajpai

Pulp and paper production has increased globally and will continue to increase in the near future. Approximately 155 million tons of wood pulp is produced worldwide and about 260 million is projected for 2010. To cope with the increasing demand, an increase in production and improved environmental performance is needed as the industry is under constant pressure to reduce environmental emissions to air and water. This book gives updated information on environmentally benign approaches for pulp bleaching, which can help solve the problems associated with conventional bleaching technologies.

Environmentally Benign Approaches for Pulp Bleaching 2nd Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Introduction
References
Chapter 2: General Background
2.1. Pulping and Bleaching
2.2. Bleaching Sequences
2.3. Environmental Issues in Pulp Bleaching
References
Chapter 3: Oxygen Delignification
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Overview of the Process
3.3. The Basic Chemistry of Oxygen Delignification
3.4. Selectivity in Oxygen Delignification
3.5. Oxygen Delignification Processes and Equipment
3.5.1. High-Consistency System
3.5.2. Medium-Consistency System
3.6. Process Conditions
3.6.1. Pulp Consistency
3.6.2. Alkali Charge
3.6.3. Oxygen Pressure
3.6.4. Temperature and Time
3.7. Reinforcement of Oxygen Delignification Stage with Hydrogen Peroxide and Peracids
3.8. Effects of Oxygen Delignification on Pollution Loads
3.9. Effects of Oxygen Delignification on Pulp Quality
3.10. Impact on Recovery and Energy Consumption
3.11. Washing
3.12. Screening
3.13. Benefits and Drawbacks of Oxygen Delignification
3.14. Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Ozone Bleaching
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Chemical Reactions of Ozone with Lignin and Carbohydrates
4.3. Process Variables
4.3.1. Pulp Consistency
4.3.2. Effect of pH
4.3.3. Temperature
4.3.4. Effect of Ozone Charge
4.3.5. Carbohydrate Protecting Additives
4.3.6. Extraction after Ozonation
4.3.7. Carryover of Dissolved Organic Matter from Other Delignifying or Bleaching Stages
4.3.8. Bleaching of Different Types of Pulp with Ozone
4.4. Ozone Bleaching Processes and Equipment
4.4.1. High-Consistency Ozonation
4.4.2. Medium-Consistency Ozonation
4.5. Advantages
4.6. Environmental Benefits
4.7. Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Fundamental Aspects of Peroxide Bleaching
5.2.1. Peroxide Bleaching Chemistry
5.2.2. H2O2 Decomposition Mechanisms
5.3. Factors Affecting Brightness Development
5.3.1. Process Conditions
5.3.1.1. Hydrogen Peroxide Dose
5.3.1.2. pH
5.3.1.3. Consistency
5.3.2. Temperature and Duration
5.3.3. Wood Type
5.3.4. Lignin Content of Feed Pulp
5.3.5. Liquor Carryover
5.3.6. Optimal Metal Profile
5.3.6.1. Chelation
5.3.6.2. Acid Treatment
5.3.6.3. Contribution of Magnesium and Silicate to Pulp Stability
5.4. Peroxide Bleaching Processes
5.5. Characteristics of Peroxide Bleached Pulps
5.6. Process Flowsheets
5.7. Activation of Hydrogen Peroxide
5.8. Environmental Aspects
References
Chapter 6: Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Manufacture of Chlorine Dioxide
6.3. Chemistry
6.4. Generation of Organochlorine Compounds
6.5. Formation of Chlorate
6.6. Process Flowsheet and Equipment
6.7. Process Conditions
6.7.1. Chemical Charge
6.7.2. pH
6.7.3. Time and Temperature
6.7.4. Consistency
6.7.5. Effect of Chlorine on Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching
6.7.6. Carryover of Dissolved Organic Material
6.7.7. Bleaching Sequences
6.7.8. Effect of Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching on Pulp Quality
6.8. Increasing the Efficiency of Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching with Additives
6.9. Biocidal Effect of Chlorine Dioxide
References
Chapter 7: Peroxyacids Bleaching
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Production of Peroxyacids
7.3. Application of Peroxyacids in Bleaching
7.3.1. Per-acetic Acid
Case Studies of Pulp Bleaching with Paa
1.. Post-Treatment of Bleached Pulp with PAA
(a). Hardwood Kraft pulp-paper grade
(b). Hardwood Kraft pulp-dissolving grade
(c). Softwood TCF bleached pulp
2.. PAA in D-Stage of Bleaching
3.. PAA in ECF Bleaching
4.. PAA in the EOP Stage of Bleaching
5.. PAA in TCF Bleaching
7.3.2. Peroxymonosulfuric Acid and Other Peracids
7.4. Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: Enzymatic Pre-bleaching
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Bleaching with Hemicellulase Enzymes
8.2.1. Introduction
8.2.2. Production and Properties of Hemicellulases
8.2.3. Performance of Xylanases in Bleaching
8.2.4. Proposed Mechanisms of Xylanase Action in Kraft Pulp Bleaching
8.2.5. Location of Xylanase Treatment
8.2.6. Advantages of Xylanase Treatment
8.2.7. Problems with Xylanase Treatment
8.3. Bleaching with Ligninolytic Enzymes
8.3.1. Introduction
8.3.2. Performance of Ligninolytic Enzymes in Bleaching
8.3.3. Effects on Pulp Properties, Yield and Effluent Quality
8.3.4. Advantages
8.3.5. Limitations and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 9: Fungal Pre-bleaching
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Performance of Fungi in Bleaching
9.3. Effects on Pulp Properties
9.4. Effects on Effluent Quality
9.5. Advantages
9.6. Limitations and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 10: Hexenuronic Acids and Their Removal
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Removal of HexA
10.2.1. Hot Acid Pretreatment
10.2.2. Hot Chlorine Dioxide Stage
10.2.3. Ozone Stage
10.2.4. Peracids
10.2.5. Enzymes
10.2.6. Other Methods
References
Chapter 11: ECF and TCF Bleaching
11.1. Introduction
11.2. ECF Bleaching
11.2.1. Modified ECF Sequences
11.3. TCF Bleaching
11.4. Comparison between ECF and TCF Bleaching
11.5. Environmental Impact of ECF and TCF Bleaching
11.6. Conclusions
References
Chapter 12: Chlorine-free Bleaching of Secondary Fibers
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Bleaching with Hydrogen Peroxide
12.2.1. Difficulties Related to Peroxide Bleaching of Recycled Pulps
12.3. Bleaching with Dithionite
12.4. Bleaching with Formamidine Sulfinic Acid (FAS)
12.5. Bleaching with Oxygen
12.6. Bleaching with Ozone
12.7. Bleaching with Peroxyacids
12.8. Direct Borohydride Injection Bleaching
12.9. A New Method of Bleaching and Color Stripping for Recycled Fibers
12.10. Multistage Bleaching
12.11. Conclusions
References
Chapter 13: Closed-Cycle Bleach Plant
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Process Closure Fundamentals
13.3. In-mill and Ex-mill Measures to Achieve Mill Closure
13.4. Development of Mill Closure Process
13.4.1. For Kraft Mills
12.4.2. For Sulphite Mills
13.5. Some Practical Considerations
13.6. Economic Considerations
13.7. Areas of Further Investigation
13.8. Conclusions

People also search for Environmentally Benign Approaches for Pulp Bleaching 2nd:

environmentally friendly pulp bleaching

chlorine free pulp bleaching

sustainable paper manufacturing

pulp and paper bleaching processes

pratima bajpai pulp bleaching

Tags: Environmentally, Approaches, Bleaching, Pratima Bajpai