Electrocatalysis in Balancing the Natural Carbon Cycle 1st Edition by Yaobing Wang ISBN 3527349138 9783527349135

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ISBN 10: 3527349138 
ISBN 13: 9783527349135
Author: Yaobing Wang

In Electrocatalysis in Balancing the Natural Carbon Cycle, accomplished researcher and author, Yaobing Wang, delivers a focused examination of why and how to solve the unbalance of the natural carbon cycle with electrocatalysis. The book introduces the natural carbon cycle and analyzes current bottlenecks being caused by human activities. It then examines fundamental topics, including CO2 reduction, water splitting, and small molecule (alcohols and acid) oxidation to prove the feasibility and advantages of using electrocatalysis to tune the unbalanced carbon cycle.

You’ll realize modern aspects of electrocatalysis through the operando diagnostic and predictable mechanistic investigations. Further, you will be able to evaluate and manage the efficiency of the electrocatalytic reactions. The distinguished author presents a holistic view of solving an unbalanced natural carbon cycle with electrocatalysis.

Electrocatalysis in Balancing the Natural Carbon Cycle 1st Table of contents:

Part I Introduction
Introduction
References

Part II Natural Carbon Cycle
Natural Carbon Cycle and Anthropogenic Carbon Cycle
Definition and General Process
From Inorganic Carbon to Organic Carbon
From Organic Carbon to Inorganic Carbon
Anthropogenic Carbon Cycle
Anthropogenic Carbon Emissions
Capture and Recycle of CO2 from the Atmosphere
Fixation and Conversion of CO2
Photochemical Reduction
Electrochemical Reduction
Chemical/Thermo Reforming
Physical Fixation
Anthropogenic Carbon Conversion and Emissions Via Electrochemistry
References

Part III Electrochemical Catalysis Process
Electrochemical Catalysis Processes
Water Splitting
Reaction Mechanism
Mechanism of OER
Mechanism of ORR
Mechanism of HER
General Parameters to Evaluate Water Splitting
Tafel Slope
TOF
Onset/Overpotential
Stability
Electrolyte
Electrochemistry CO2 Reduction Reaction (ECDRR)
Possible Reaction Pathways of ECDRR
Formation of HCOO− or HCOOH
Formation of CO
Formation of C1 Products
Formation of C2 Products
Formation of CH3COOH and CH3COO−
Formation of n-Propanol (C3 Product)
General Parameters to Evaluate ECDRR
Onset Potential
Faradaic Efficiency
Partial Current Density
Environmental Impact and Cost
Electrolytes
Electrochemical Cells
Small Organic Molecules Oxidation
The Mechanism of Electrochemistry HCOOH Oxidation
The Mechanism of Electro-oxidation of Alcohol
References

Part IV Water Splitting and Devices
Water Splitting Basic Parameter/Others
Composition and Exact Reactions in Different pH Solution
Evaluation of the Catalytic Activity
Overpotential
Tafel Slope
Stability
Faradaic Efficiency
Turnover Frequency
References
H2O Oxidation
Regular H2O Oxidation
Noble Metal Catalysts
Other Transition Metals
Other Catalysts
Photo-Assisted H2O Oxidation
Metal Compound-Based Catalysts
Metal–Metal Heterostructure Catalysts
Metal–Nonmetal Heterostructure Catalysts
References
H2O Reduction and Water Splitting Electrocatalytic Cell
Noble-Metal-Based HER Catalysts
Non-Noble Metal Catalysts
Water Splitting Electrocatalytic Cell
References

Part V H2 Oxidation/O2 Reduction and Device
Introduction
Electrocatalytic Reaction Parameters
Electrochemically Active Surface Area (ECSA)
Test Methods
Determination Based on the Surface Redox Reaction
Determination by Electric Double-Layer Capacitance Method
Kinetic and Exchange Current Density (jk and j0)
Definition
Calculation
Overpotential HUPD
Tafel Slope
Halfwave Potentials
References
Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction (HOR)
Mechanism for HOR
Hydrogen Bonding Energy (HBE)
Underpotential Deposition (UPD) of Hydrogen
Catalysts for HOR
Pt-based Materials
Pd-Based Materials
Ir-Based Materials
Rh-Based Materials
Ru-Based Materials
Non-noble Metal Materials
References
Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR)
Mechanism for ORR
Battery System and Damaged Electrodes
Intermediate Species
Catalysts in ORR
Noble Metal Materials
Platinum/Carbon Catalyst
Pd and Pt
Transition Metal Catalysts
Metal-Free Catalysts
Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis
Catalysts Advances
Pure Metals
Metal Alloys
Carbon Materials
Electrodes and Reaction Cells
References
Fuel Cell and Metal-Air Battery
H2 Fuel Cell
Metal-Air Battery
Metal-Air Battery Structure
References

Part VI Small Organic Molecules Oxidation and Device
Introduction
Primary Measurement Methods and Parameters
Primary Measurement Methods
Primary Parameter
References
C1 Molecule Oxidation
Methane Oxidation
Reaction Mechanism
Solid–Liquid–Gas Reaction System
Acidic Media
Alkaline or Neutral Media
Methanol Oxidation
Reaction Thermodynamics and Mechanism
Catalyst Advances
Pd-Based Catalysts
Pt-Based Catalysts
Platinum-Based Nanowires
Platinum-Based Nanotubes
Platinum-Based Nanoflowers
Platinum-Based Nanorods
Platinum-Based Nanocubes
Pt–Ru System
Pt–Sn Catalysts
Formic Acid Oxidation
Reaction Mechanism
Catalyst Advances
Pd-Based Catalysts
Pt-Based Catalysts
References
C2+ Molecule Oxidation
Ethanol Oxidation
Reaction Mechanism
Catalyst Advances
Pd-Based Catalysts
Pt-Based Catalysts
Pt–Sn System
Glucose Oxidase
Ethylene Glycol Oxidation
Glycerol Oxidation
References
Fuel Cell Devices
Introduction
Types of Direct Liquid Fuel Cells
Acid and Alkaline Fuel Cells
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)
Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells (DEFCs)
Direct Ethylene Glycol Fuel Cells (DEGFCs)
Direct Glycerol Fuel Cells (DGFCs)
Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells (DFAFCs)
Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cells (DDEFCs)
Other DLFCs
Challenges of DLFCs
Fuel Conversion and Cathode Flooding
Chemical Safety and By-product Production
Unproven Long-term Durability
References

Part VII CO2 Reduction and Device
Introduction
Basic Parameters of the CO2 Reduction Reaction
The Fundamental Parameters to Evaluate the Catalytic Activity
Overpotential (��)
Faradaic Efficiency (FE)
Current Density (j)
Energy Efficiency (EE)
Tafel Slope
Factors Affecting ECDRR
Solvent/Electrolyte
pH
Cations and Anions
Concentration
Temperature and Pressure Effect
Electrode
Loading Method
Preparation
Experimental Process and Analysis Methods
References
Electrocatalysts-1
Heterogeneous Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters of Heterogeneous CO2 Reduction in Liquid Phase
Bulk Metals
Nanoscale Metal and Oxidant Metal Catalysts
Gold (Au)
Silver (Ag)
Palladium (Pd)
Zinc (Zn)
Copper (Cu)
Bimetallic/Alloy
References
Electrocatalysts-2
Single-Atom Metal-Doped Carbon Catalysts (SACs)
Nickel (Ni)-SACs
Cobalt (Co)-SACs
Iron (Fe)-SACs
Zinc (Zn)-SACs
Copper (Cu)-SACs
Other
Metal Nanoparticles-Doped Carbon Catalysts
Porous Organic Material
Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)
Metal-Free Catalyst
Metal-Free Carbon-Based Catalyst
Other Metal-Free Catalyst
Electrochemical CO Reduction Reaction
The Importance of CO Reduction Study
Advances in CO Reduction
References
Devices
H-Cell
Flow Cell
Requirements and Challenges for Next-Generation CO2 Reduction Cell
Wide Range of Electrocatalysts
Fundamental Factor Influencing the Catalytic Activity for ECDRR
Device Engineering
References

Part VIII Computations-Guided Electrocatalysis
Insights into the Catalytic Process
Electric Double Layer
Kinetics and Thermodynamics
Electrode Potential Effects
References
Computational Electrocatalysis
Computational Screening Toward Calculation Theories
Reactivity Descriptors
d-band Theory Motivates Electronic Descriptor
Coordination Numbers Motives Structure Descriptor
Scaling Relationships: Applications of Descriptors
The Activity Principles and the Volcano Curve
DFT Modeling
CHE Model
Solvation Models
Kinetic Modeling
References
Theory-Guided Rational Design
Descriptors-Guided Screening
Scaling Relationship-Guided Trends
Reactivity Trends of ECR
Reactivity Trends of O-included Reactions
Reactivity Trends of H-included Reactions
DOS-Guided Models and Active Sites
References
DFT Applications in Selected Electrocatalytic Systems
Unveiling the Electrocatalytic Mechanism
ECR Reaction
OER Reaction
ORR Reaction
HER Reaction
HOR Reaction
CO Oxidation Reaction
FAOR Reaction
MOR Reaction
EOR Reaction
Understanding the Electrocatalytic Environment
Solvation Effects
pH Effects
Analyzing the Electrochemical Kinetics
Perspectives, Challenges, and Future Direction of DFT Computation in Electrocatalysis
References

Part IX Potential of In Situ Characterizations for Electrocatalysis
References
In Situ Characterization Techniques
Optical Characterization Techniques
Infrared Spectroscopy
Raman Spectroscopy
UV–vis Spectroscopy
X-Ray Characterization Techniques
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS)
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
Mass Spectrometric Characterization Techniques
Electron-Based Characterization Techniques
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)
References
In Situ Characterizations in Electrocatalytic Cycle
Investigating the Real Active Centers
Monitoring the Electronic Structure
Monitoring the Atomic Structure
Monitoring the Catalyst Phase Transformation
Investigating the Reaction Mechanism
Through Adsorption/Activation Understanding
Through Intermediates In Situ Probing
Through Catalytic Product In Situ Detections
Evaluating the Catalyst Stability/Decay
Revealing the Interfacial-Related Insights
Conclusion
References

Part X Electrochemical Catalytic Carbon Cycle
References
Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Fuels
References
Electrochemical Fuel Oxidation
References
Evaluation and Management of ECC
Basic Performance Index
CO2 Capture and Fuel Transport
External Management
General Outlook

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Tags: Yaobing Wang, Electrocatalysis, Natural Carbon