Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics 2nd Edition by Andrew I Cohen, Christopher Heath Wellman ISBN 1118479394 9781118479391

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ISBN 10: 1118479394 
ISBN 13: 9781118479391
Author: Andrew I Cohen, Christopher Heath Wellman

Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics 2nd Table of contents:

CHAPTER ONE Theories of Ethics
Case Ethics
Normative Ethical Theory
Meta-ethics
Contractarianism/Contractualism
Contractarianism
Contractualism
Consequentialism
Deontology
Virtue Theory
References
Further Reading
ISSUES IN LIFE AND DEATH
Abortion
CHAPTER TWO The Wrong of Abortion
Human Embryos and Fetuses are Complete (though Immature) Human Beings
No-Person Arguments: The Dualist Version
No-Person Arguments: The Evaluative Version
The Argument that Abortion is Justified as Non-intentional Killing
Notes
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER THREE The Moral Permissibility of Abortion
Introduction
The Moral Status of Embryos and Early Fetuses
Abortion and Gestational Assistance
Intimacy, Pregnancy, and Motherhood
Norms of Responsible Creation
Notes
References
Further Reading
Euthanasia
CHAPTER FOUR In Defense of Voluntary Active Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide
Important Concepts and Distinctions
A Fundamental Defense of Assisted Suicide and Voluntary Active Euthanasia
The argument
The soundness of the argument
Voluntary Passive Euthanasia versus Voluntary Active Euthanasia
The argument
An evaluation of the second argument
Should Assisted Suicide and Voluntary Active Euthanasia Be Legal?
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER FIVE A Case Against Euthanasia
Suicide: The Way (Rarely) Taken
Three Arguments in Favor of Euthanasia
Euthanasia as a Social, not Private, Act
Euthanasia and the Law
The Dutch Experience
Not Pain but Loss of Control
Catering to a Small Minority
Note
References
Further Reading
Animals
CHAPTER SIX Empty Cages: Animal Rights and Vivisection
The Benefits Argument
What the Benefits Argument Omits
The overestimation of human benefits
The underestimation of human harms
Comparisons across species
Human Vivisection and Human Rights
Why the Benefits Argument Begs the Question
The Children of Willowbrook
The Basis of Human Rights
Why Animals Have Rights
Challenging Human and Animal Equality: Speciesism
Other Objections, Other Replies
Conclusion
Notes
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER SEVEN Animals and Their Medical Use
The Abolitionist Appeal to Animal Rights
The “Anything Goes” View on Animals
The Value of Lives and Quality of Life
Two Senses of Moral Community
Conclusion
Notes
References
ISSUES IN JUSTICE
Affirmative action
CHAPTER EIGHT A Defense of Affirmative Action
Introduction
Affirmative Action as a Remedy for Past Injustices
Affirmative Action as a Form of Compensatory Justice
Standardized Tests and Race
Affirmative Action and Equal Protection
Conclusions
Notes
References
CHAPTER NINE Preferential Policies Have Become Toxic
Framing the Issue
Disentangling Race and Sex
Affirmative Action for Black People: Evaluating the Arguments
The compensatory (or backward-looking) argument
Corrective argument
Forward-looking arguments
Role models
Diversity and representation
Assessing the Arguments
Conclusion
Notes
References
Further Reading
Capital punishment
CHAPTER TEN A Defense of the Death Penalty
In Favor of the Death Penalty
Retribution
Deterrence
Objections to the Death Penalty
Objection 1
Response
Objection 2
Response
Objection 3
Response
Objection 4
Response
Conclusion
Notes
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER ELEVEN Why We Should Put the Death Penalty to Rest
The Death Penalty in Theory: Saving Lives and Doing Justice
The argument from deterrence
The argument from justice and desert
The Death Penalty in Practice
Why the Death Penalty is Inconsistent with the Value of Justice
Race
Socio-economic status
Quality of legal representation
Why the Death Penalty is Inconsistent with Respect for the Value of Human Life
A Final Point
Notes
References
Further Reading
Reparations
CHAPTER TWELVE Compensation and Past Injustice
Compensation, Misfortune, and Life Plans
The Effects of Compensation
Closing Thoughts
References
CHAPTER THIRTEEN Must We Provide Material Redress for Past Wrongs?
Some Definitions: Past Wrongs, Nozickian Compensation, Restitution
The Non-identity Problem
Responses to the Non-identity Problem
The identity argument
The timing argument
Conclusion
Notes
References
Further Reading
Profiling
CHAPTER FOURTEEN Bayesian Inference and Contractualist Justification on Interstate 95
Two Brackets
Three Cases
Two Questions
Race and Racism
Notes
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER FIFTEEN Racial Profiling and the Meaning of Racial Categories
Introduction
Statistical Generalization
Accuracy
Generalization
Content of the generalization
What Profiling Expresses
Generalizing about race
Profiling and crime
Profiling by the Government
Expression and Interpretation
Racial Profiling without Racism
Conclusion
Note
References
Further Reading
Torture
CHAPTER SIXTEEN Ticking Time-Bombs and Torture1
Origins of Ticking Time-Bomb Cases
Utilitarian Views on Torture
Deontological Views on Torture
Rejecting Torture: Absolutism-in-Principle and Absolutism-in-Practice
Conclusion
Notes
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Torture and its Apologists
Torture, Consequentialism and the “War on Terror”
The “Ticking Bomb” Scenario
The Consequences of Interrogational Torture
A Real Case
Why Torture is the Worst Thing We Can Do
Note
References
ISSUES OF PRIVACY AND THE GOOD
Same-sex marriage
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Same-Sex Marriage and the Definitional Objection
The Definitional Objection
Bob and Jane and the Essence of Marriage
The New Natural Law (NNL) Theory
Why Must Marriage Be Coital?
Permanence, Exclusivity, and the Connection to Childrearing
Conclusion
Notes
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER NINETEEN Making Sense of Marriage
Introduction
Marriage as a Basic Human Good
Problems with the Revisionist View
Sketching an Account of Marriage
Comprehensive unifying acts: mind and body
Comprehensive unifying goods: procreation and domestic life
Comprehensive commitment: norms of permanence and exclusivity
Closing Thoughts
Notes
References
Further Reading
Pornography
CHAPTER TWENTY The Right to Get Turned On: Pornography, Autonomy, Equality
Introduction
What is Pornography?
Sexual Autonomy
Sexual Violence
Sexual Inequality
Making Pornography
Sexual Identity
Conclusion
Notes
References
CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE “The Price We Pay”? Pornography and Harm
What is Pornography?
Pornography and Harm
A Moral Right to Pornography?
Notes
References
Further Reading
Drugs
CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO In Favor of Drug Decriminalization
The Meaning of Decriminalization
Three Approaches to Decriminalization
How Debates about Drug Decriminalization Differ from other Decriminalization Debates
Conclusion
Notes
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE Against the Legalization of Drugs
Introduction
Ineffectiveness Objection
Paternalism Objection
Violation of Rights Objection
High Costs of the Drug War Objection
Effect on Imprisoned Youths Objection
Racial Discrimination Objection
Increase in Violence Objection
Corruption of Foreign Governments Objection
The Inconsistency Objection
Unhealthy Foods Objection
No Scientific Proof Objection
Conclusion
References
ISSUES OF COSMOPOLITANISM AND COMMUNITY
Immigration
CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR Immigration: The Case for Limits
Can There be an Unlimited Right of Migration Between States?
Justifications for Limiting Immigration
Conditions for an Ethical Immigration Policy
Notes
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE The Case for Open Immigration
The Problem of Immigration in the Modern World
In Defense of Free Immigration
Economic Arguments Against Open Borders
Nationality and Immigration
Immigration and Security
Concluding Reflections
Note
References
Humanitarian intervention
CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX The Moral Structure of Humanitarian Intervention
Just Cause: Humanitarian Intervention as Defense of Persons
The Question of Legitimacy
Sovereignty and Culture
Proportionality and Double Effect
The Question of Intent
Who May Intervene?
The internal legitimacy of humanitarian intervention
The problem of authority
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN The Morality of Humanitarian Intervention
Interstate Morality
Legitimacy and Non-intervention
Intervention in Illegitimate States
Conclusion
References
World hunger
CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT Famine Relief: The Duties We Have to Others
Positive Duties
Negative Duties
Conclusion
Notes
References
Further Reading
CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE Famine Relief and Human Virtue
Drowning Babies
Charity, Personal Autonomy, and the Right to do Wrong
Charity as a virtue
Charity and the right to do wrong
Critical rejoinders
Rejoinder 1: There is no serious danger to liberty from enforceable positive duties
Rejoinder 2: Enforcing positive duties makes a person better
Rejoinder 3: Welfare is more important than liberty
Local Versus Distant Needs
Local Reform and Distant Suffering

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