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Biophysical techniques 1st Edition by Iain D Campbell ISBN 0199642141 9780199642144

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Author(s): Iain D. Campbell
ISBN(s): 9780199642144, 0199642141
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 7.03 MB
Year: 2012
Language: english
SKU: EB-6638308 Category: Tag:

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ISBN 10: 0199642141 
ISBN 13: 9780199642144
Author: Iain D Campbell

Many current questions in biology are probed by using a range of biophysical methods, often in tandem. These increasingly powerful and sophisticated tools allow us to study the structure and dynamics of the complicated mixture of interacting molecules that make up the living cell. Biophysical Techniques explains in a readily-accessible way the basics of the various methods available – including those used to study molecular structure, cell structure, and dynamic interactions – so that students can understand the principles behind the different methods used, and begin to appreciate which tools can be used to probe different biological questions, and the pros and cons of each. Exploring the latest enhancements to classical techniques, and introducing computational techniques that have emerged relatively recently, the book provides a broad survey of the range of techniques now at the disposal of an investigator. The biophysical techniques introduced can be explained in physical and mathematical terms; instead of assuming a detailed knowledge of physics or maths, however, the book uses a series of Tutorials and Boxes to provide essential background guidance on these topics, giving the reader extra support in fully understanding the subject. Learning and understanding is supported still further with thought-provoking end-of-chapter problems to illustrate to the reader how a range of biophysical techniques have been used in contemporary research. In an age in which we are probing the working of biological systems in more detail, and with more refinement, than ever before, Biophysical Techniques is the ideal guide for any student who needs to understand the power of biophysical techniques in biological research.

Biophysical techniques 1st Table of contents:

1. Introduction

  • What are “biophysical techniques”?

  • What questions can biophysical techniques answer?

  • Which technique to use?

  • Organization of this book

2. Molecular Principles

  • 2.1 Molecules and interactions

    • Introduction

    • Box 2.1: Atoms and elements

    • Box 2.2: Kinetic model of gases

    • Non-covalent interactions

    • Box 2.3: Electrostatics, dielectrics, and polarity

    • Box 2.4: Molecular biology tools and base pairing

    • Binding

3. Transport and Heat

  • 3.1 Diffusion, osmosis, viscosity, and friction

    • Introduction

    • Diffusion

    • Osmosis

    • Application of a force to a molecule in solution

    • Viscosity

    • Box 3.1: The frictional coefficient, f, depends on molecular shape

  • 3.2 Analytical centrifugation

    • Introduction

    • Some basic principles of sedimentation

    • Sedimentation velocity

    • Sedimentation equilibrium

    • Density gradient sedimentation

  • 3.3 Chromatography

    • Introduction

    • Theory

    • Chromatography techniques

    • Quantitative chromatography

  • 3.4 Electrophoresis

    • Introduction

    • Theory

    • Experimental

    • Some electrophoresis systems

  • 3.5 Mass spectrometry

    • Introduction

    • Ionization

    • Ion sorting/analysis

    • Applications of mass spectrometry

  • 3.6 Electrophysiology

    • Introduction

    • Membrane potential

    • Action potentials

    • Experimental

    • Propagation of an action potential in a neuron

  • 3.7 Calorimetry

    • Introduction

    • Isothermal titration calorimetry

    • Differential scanning calorimetry

    • Box 3.2: Heat capacity

4. Scattering, Refraction, and Diffraction

  • 4.1 Scattering of radiation

    • Introduction

    • Scattering theory

    • Box 4.1: Weight average molecular weight

    • Turbidity

    • Solution scattering and molecular shape

    • Box 4.2: Radii of gyration, RGR_GRG​, and hydration, RHR_HRH​

    • Dynamic light scattering

    • Box 4.3: Correlation functions

  • 4.2 Refraction, evanescent waves, and plasmons

    • Introduction

    • Box 4.4: Classical optics

    • Evanescent waves

    • Surface plasmon resonance

    • Box 4.5: The streptavidin/biotin complex

  • 4.3 Diffraction

    • Introduction

    • Principles of diffraction

    • Box 4.6: Single particle imaging with X-ray laser

    • Diffraction experiments

    • Interpretation of diffraction data

    • Other crystallography techniques

    • Achievements of crystallography

5. Electronic and Vibrational Spectroscopy

  • 5.1 Introduction to absorption and emission spectra

    • Introduction

    • Energy states

    • Absorption

    • Box 5.1: Transition dipole moments and transition probability

    • Emission

    • Box 5.2: The laser

  • 5.2 Infrared and Raman spectroscopy

    • Introduction

    • IR spectra and applications

    • Raman scattering

    • Applications of Raman spectroscopy

  • 5.3 Ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy

    • Introduction

    • Measurement of electronic spectra

    • Electronic energy levels and transitions

    • Absorption properties of some key chromophores

    • Applications of UV/visible spectra

    • Box 5.3: Isosbestic points

    • Properties associated with the direction of the transition dipole moment

    • Monitoring rapid reactions

  • 5.4 Optical activity

    • Introduction

    • The phenomenon

    • Measurement

    • Applications of CD spectra

  • 5.5 Fluorescence

    • Introduction

    • Physical basis of fluorescence

    • Measurement

    • Fluorophores

    • Environmental effects on fluorescence

    • Fluorescence anisotropy

    • Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)

    • Exploitation of fluorescence sensitivity

    • Box 5.4: Immunofluorescence

    • Box 5.5: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

    • Phosphorescence

  • 5.6 X-ray spectroscopy

    • Introduction

    • Theory

    • Measurement

    • Edge spectra

    • EXAFS

    • Analytical uses of X-ray emission

6. Magnetic Resonance

  • 6.1 Nuclear magnetic resonance

    • Introduction

    • Box 6.1: Magnetism

    • The NMR phenomenon

    • Measurement

    • The spectral parameters in NMR

    • Applications of NMR

    • Other NMR applications

  • 6.2 Electron paramagnetic resonance

    • Introduction

    • Measurement

    • Spectral parameters

    • Box 6.2: Spin labels

    • Spectral anisotropy

    • Applications of EPR

7. Microscopy and Single Molecule Studies

  • 7.1 Microscopy

    • Introduction

    • Factors that influence resolution

    • Box 7.1: Diffraction at a slit

    • The optical microscope

    • The fluorescence microscope

    • Electron microscopy

    • Box 7.2: X-ray tomography

    • Box 7.3: The contrast transfer function (CTF)

    • The scanning electron microscope

    • Scanning probe microscopy

  • 7.2 Manipulation and observation of single molecules

    • Introduction

    • Manipulation by force

    • Fluorescence methods

8. Computational Biology

  • 8.1 Computational biology

    • Introduction

    • Mathematical modeling of systems

    • Bioinformatics

    • Molecular modeling

    • Box 8.1: Force and potential energy

9. Tutorials

  • 1. Biological molecules

  • 2. Thermodynamics

  • 3. Motion and energy of particles in different force fields

  • 4. Electrical circuits

  • 5. Mathematical representation of waves

  • 6. Fourier series, Fourier transforms, and convolution

  • 7. Oscillators and simple harmonic motion

  • 8. Electromagnetic radiation

  • 9. Quantum theory and the Schrödinger wave equation

  • 10. Atomic and molecular orbitals, their energy states, and transitions

  • 11. Dipoles, dipole–dipole interactions, and spectral effects

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Tags: Iain D Campbell, Biophysical techniques