Biological Barriers to Cellulosic Ethanol 1st Edition by Ernest V Burkheisser ISBN 1606922033 978-1606922033

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Product details: 

ISBN 10: 1606922033 

ISBN 13: 978-1606922033

Author: Ernest V. Burkheisser

The purpose of this book is to define barriers and challenges to a rapid expansion of cellulosic-ethanol production and determine ways to speed solutions through concerted application of modern biology tools as part of a joint research agenda. Although the focus was ethanol, the science applies to additional fuels that include biodiesel and other bioproducts or coproducts having critical roles in any deployment scheme. The core barrier is cellulosic-biomass recalcitrance to processing to ethanol. Biomass is composed of nature’s most ready energy source, sugars, but they are locked in a complex polymer composite exquisitely created to resist biological and chemical degradation. Key to energising a new biofuel industry based on conversion of cellulose (and hemicelluloses) to ethanol is to understand plant cell-wall chemical and physical structures — how they are synthesised and can be deconstructed. With this knowledge, innovative energy crops — plants specifically designed for industrial processing to biofuel — can be developed concurrently with new biology-based treatment and conversion methods. Recent advances in science and technological capabilities, especially those from the nascent discipline of systems biology, promise to accelerate and enhance this development. Resulting technologies will create a fundamentally new process and biorefinery paradigm that will enable an efficient and economic industry for converting plant biomass to liquid fuels. These key barriers and suggested research strategies to address them are described in this book. The core barrier is cellulosic-biomass recalcitrance to processing to ethanol. Biomass is composed of nature’s most ready energy source, sugars, but they are locked in a complex polymer composite exquisitely created to resist biological and chemical degradation. Key to energising a new biofuel industry based on conversion of cellulose (and hemicelluloses) to ethanol is to understand plant cell-wall chemical and physical structures — how they are synthesised and can be deconstructed. With this knowledge, innovative energy crops — plants specifically designed for industrial processing to biofuel — can be developed concurrently with new biology-based treatment and conversion methods. Recent advances in science and technological capabilities, especially those from the nascent discipline of systems biology, promise to accelerate and enhance this development. Resulting technologies will create a fundamentally new process and biorefinery paradigm that will enable an efficient and economic industry for converting plant biomass to liquid fuels. These key barriers and suggested research strategies to address them are described in this book.

Table of contents: 

America’s Energy Challenges The Promise of Biofuels A Growing Mandate for Biofuels: Policy, Legislative, and Other Drivers Benefits of Biofuels

• National Energy Security Benefits
• Economic Benefits
• Environmental Benefits
  • Climate Change
  • Other Environmental Benefits Feasibility of Biofuels
• Land Availability
• A Billion-Ton Annual Supply of Biomass: Summary of Potential Forest and Agricultural Resources
• Agricultural Sustainability of Biomass Production

Current State of Biofuel Production

• Today – Fuel Ethanol Production from Corn Grain (Starch Ethanol)
• Tomorrow – Biorefinery Concept to Produce Fuel Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass
• Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues (ELSI)

Technical Strategy: Development of a Viable Cellulosic Biomass to Biofuel Industry

• Research Phase (Within 5 Years)
  • Feedstock Use and Optimization
  • Deconstruction
  • Fermentation and Recovery
• Technology Deployment Phase (Within 10 Years)
  • Feedstocks
  • Deconstruction
  • Fermentation and Recovery
• Systems Integration Phase (Within 15 Years)
  • Integration and Consolidation

Biological Barriers to Cellulosic Ethanol

• Systems Biology to Overcome Barriers to Cellulosic Ethanol
• Lignocellulosic Biomass Characteristics
  • Makeup, Structure, and Processability
  • Image Analysis of Bioenergy Plant Cell Surfaces at the OBP Biomass Surface Characterization Lab (BSCL)
  • Structure and Assembly of Cell Walls
  • Optimizing Lignin Composition for More Efficient Bioethanol Production
  • Factors in Recalcitrance of Lignocellulose Processing to Sugars
    • Plant Architecture
    • Cell-Wall Architecture
    • Molecular Structure
  • Optimizing Hemicellulose Acetylation in Cell Walls
    • Hemicellulose Acetylation Degradation Products Are Toxic to Microbes
  • Optimization of Plant Cell Walls
    • Understanding Cell-Wall Structure and Function
    • Control of Lignin Synthesis and Structure

Feedstocks for Biofuels

• The Argument for Perennial Biomass Crops
• Creation of a New Generation of Lignocellulosic Energy Crops
  • Maximizing Biomass Productivity
  • Domestication of Energy Crops
  • Enhancing Poplar Traits for Energy Applications

Improved Methods, Tools, and Technologies

• Technical Milestones
  • Within 5 Years
  • Within 10 Years
  • Within 15 Years

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Tags: Ernest V Burkheisser, Biological Barriers, Cellulosic Ethanol