Apache The Definitive Guide 3rd Edition by Ben Laurie, Peter Laurie ISBN 0596002033 9780596002039

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ISBN 10: 0596002033 
ISBN 13: 9780596002039
Author: Ben Laurie, Peter Laurie

Apache is far and away the most widely used web server platform in the world. This versatile server runs more than half of the world’s existing web sites. Apache is both free and rock-solid, running more than 21 million web sites ranging from huge e-commerce operations to corporate intranets and smaller hobby sites.With this new third edition of Apache: The Definitive Guide, web administrators new to Apache will come up to speed quickly, and experienced administrators will find the logically organized, concise reference sections indispensable, and system programmers interested in customizing their servers will rely on the chapters on the API and Apache modules.Updated to cover the changes in Apache’s latest release, 2.0, as well as Apache 1.3, this useful guide discusses how to obtain, set up, secure, modify, and troubleshoot the Apache software on both Unix and Windows systems. Dozens of clearly written examples provide the answers to the real-world issues that Apache administrators face everyday. In addition to covering the installation and configuration of mod_perl and Tomcat, the book examines PHP, Cocoon, and other new technologies that are associated with the Apache web server. Additional coverage of security and the Apache 2.0 API make Apache: The Definitive Guide, Third Edition essential documentation for the world’s most popular web server.

Apache The Definitive Guide 3rd Table of contents:

Who Wrote Apache, and Why?
The Demonstration Code
Conventions Used in This Book
Typographic Conventions
Icons
Pathnames
Directives
Directive
ServerAdmin
Organization of This Book
Acknowledgments
Getting Started
What Does a Web Server Do?
Criteria for Choosing a Web Server
Why Apache?
How Apache Works
Apache and Networking
What to Know About TCP/IP
How Apache Uses TCP/IP
Apache and Domain Name Servers
Multiple sites: Unix
Multiple sites: Win32
How HTTP Clients Work
What Happens at the Server End?
Planning the Apache Installation
Fitting Apache into Your Network
Which Operating System?
Which Unix?
Windows?
Which Apache?
Apache 2.0
Apache 2.0 and Win32
Installing Apache
Apache Executables for Unix
Making Apache 1.3.X Under Unix
Modules Under Unix
Compiled in modules
DSO modules
APXS
Building Apache 1.3.X Under Unix
Out of the Box
Semimanual Build Method
Choosing Modules
Shared Objects
Configuration Settings and Rules
Making Apache
New Features in Apache v2
Config File Changes in v2
httpd Command-Line Changes
Module Changes in v2
Making and Installing Apache v2 Under Unix
Apache Under Windows
Modules Under Windows
Compiling Apache Under Win32
Configuring Apache: The First Steps
What’s Behind an Apache Web Site?
Running Apache from the Command Line
site.toddle
Setting Up a Unix Server
webuser and webgroup
User
Group
“Out of the Box” Default Problems
Running Apache Under Unix
Several Copies of Apache
Unix Permissions
A Local Network
Setting Up a Win32 Server
Console Window
Apache as a Service
Directives
ServerName
DocumentRoot
ServerRoot
ErrorLog
PidFile
TypesConfig
Inclusions into the Config file
Shared Objects
Shared Objects Under Unix
LoadModule
Shared Modules Under Win32
LoadFile
ClearModuleList
AddModule
Toward a Real Web Site
More and Better Web Sites: site.simple
ErrorDocument
Butterthlies, Inc., Gets Going
Default Index
index.html
Block Directives

and
and
and

Other Directives
ServerName
UseCanonicalName
ServerAdmin
ServerSignature
ServerTokens
ServerAlias
ServerPath
ScoreBoardFile
CoreDumpDirectory
SendBufferSize
LockFile
AcceptMutex
KeepAlive
KeepAliveTimeout
TimeOut
HostNameLookups
Include
Limit

LimitRequestBody Directive
LimitRequestFields
LimitRequestFieldsize
LimitRequestLine
HTTP Response Headers
HeaderName
Header
Header
Options
FollowSymLinks, SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
Restarts
.htaccess
CERN Metafiles
MetaFiles
MetaDir
MetaSuffix
Expirations
ExpiresActive
ExpiresByType
ExpiresDefault
Virtual Hosts
Two Sites and Apache
Virtual Hosts
Name-Based Virtual Hosts
NameVirtual host
IP-Based Virtual Hosts
Mixed Name/IP-Based Virtual Hosts
Port-Based Virtual Hosting
Two Copies of Apache
BindAddress
Port
Listen
ListenBacklog
ServerType
Dynamically Configured Virtual Hosting
Examples
VirtualDocumentRoot
VirtualDocumentRootIP
VirtualScriptAlias
VirtualScriptAliasIP
Authentication
Authentication Protocol
site.authent
Authentication Directives
AuthType
AuthName
AuthGroupFile
AuthUserFile
AuthAuthoritative
AuthDBAuthoritative
AuthDBMAuthoritative
require
satisfy
Passwords Under Unix
Passwords Under Win32
Passwords over the Web
From the Client’s Point of View
The Config File
CGI Scripts
Variations on a Theme
Order, Allow, and Deny
allow from
allow from env
deny from
deny from env
Order
DBM Files on Unix
AuthDBUserFile
Security
AuthDBMUserFile
Security
Digest Authentication
ContentDigest
Anonymous Access
Anonymous
Anonymous_NoUserID
Anonymous_LogEmail
Anonymous_VerifyEmail
Anonymous_Authoritative
Anonymous_MustGiveEmail
Experiments
Access.conf
Automatic User Information
IdentityCheck
Using .htaccess Files
AccessFileName
Overrides
AllowOverride
Content Description and Modification
MIME Types
TypesConfig
AddType
DefaultType
ForceType
RemoveType
AddEncoding
RemoveEncoding
AddDefaultCharset
AddCharset
RemoveCharset Directive
AddHandler
SetHandler
RemoveHandler Directive
AcceptFilter
Content Negotiation
MultiviewsMatch
Image Negotiation
Language Negotiation
LanguagePriority
AddLanguage
DefaultLanguage
RemoveLanguage
Type Maps
Browsers and HTTP 1.1
Filters
AddInputFilter
AddOutputFilter
SetInputFilter
SetOutputFilter
RemoveInputFilter
RemoveOutputFilter
Indexing
Making Better Indexes in Apache
IndexOptions
IndexOrderDefault
ReadmeName
FancyIndexing
IndexIgnore
AddIcon
AddAlt
AddDescription
DefaultIcon
AddIconByType
AddAltByType
AddIconByEncoding
AddAltByEncoding
HeaderName
Making Our Own Indexes
DirectoryIndex
Imagemaps
HTML File
Map File
Image Map Directives
ImapBase
ImapMenu
ImapDefault
Redirection
Alias
A Subtle Problem
Script
ScriptAlias
ScriptAliasMatch
ScriptInterpreterSource
Alias
AliasMatch
UserDir
Redirect
RedirectMatch
RedirectTemp
RedirectPermanent
Rewrite
RewriteEngine
RewriteLog
RewriteLogLevel
RewriteMap
RewriteBase
RewriteCond
RewriteLock
RewriteOptions
RewriteRule
A Rewrite Example
Speling
CheckSpelling
Proxying
Security
Proxy Directives
AllowCONNECT
ProxyRequests
ProxyRemote
ProxyPass
ProxyDomain
NoProxy
ProxyPassReverse
ProxyVia
ProxyReceiveBufferSize
ProxyBlock
Apparent Bug
Performance
Inward Caching
CacheRoot
CacheSize
CacheGcInterval
CacheMaxExpire
CacheLastModifiedFactor
CacheDefaultExpire
CacheDirLevels and CacheDirLength
CacheNegotiatedDocs
NoCache
Setup
Reverse Proxy
Logging
Logging by Script and Database
Apache’s Logging Facilities
ErrorLog
TransferLog
AgentLog
LogLevel
LogFormat
CustomLog
site.authent—Another Example
Configuration Logging
AddModuleInfo
Status
Server Status
ExtendedStatus
Security
Internal and External Users
Binary Signatures, Virtual Cash
Certificates
Firewalls
Packet Filtering
Separate Networks
Advantages
Disadvantages
Legal Issues
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
Apache’s Security Precautions
SSL with Apache v1.3
Apache-SSL
OpenSSL
Rebuild Apache
Config file
Environment variables
mod_ssl with Apache 1.3
SSL with Apache v2
Config file
Environment variables
Make a Test Certificate
Getting a Server Certificate
The Global Session Cache
SSL Directives
Apache-SSL Directives for Apache v1.3
SSLDisable
SSLEnable
SSLRequireSSL
SSLDenySSL
SSLCacheServerPath
SSLCacheServerRunDir
SSLCacheServerPort
SSLSessionCacheTimeout
SSLCACertificatePath
SSLCACertificateFile
SSLCertificateFile
SSLCertificateKeyFile
SSLVerifyClient
SSLVerifyDepth
SSLFakeBasicAuth
SSLNoCAList
SSLRandomFile
SSLRandomFilePerConnection
CustomLog
SLLExportClientCertificates
SSL Directives for Apache v2
SSLPassPhraseDialog
SSLMutex
SSLRandomSeed
SSLSessionCache
SSLEngine
SSLProtocol
SSLCertificateFile
SSLCertificateKeyFile
SSLCertificateChainFile
SSLCACertificatePath
SSLCACertificateFile
SSL CAR evocation path
SSL CAR evocation file
SSLVerifyClient
SSLVerifyDepth
Slog
SSLLogLevel
SSLOptions
SSLRequireSSL
SSLRequire
Cipher Suites
Cipher Directives for Apache v1.3
SSLRequiredCiphers
SSLRequireCipher
SSLCheckClientDN
SSLBanCipher
Cipher Directives for Apache v2
SSLCipherSuite
Security in Real Life
Cookbook Security
Demo Client Certificate
Get the CA Certificate
Future Directions
SE Linux
EROS
E
Running a Big Web Site
Machine Setup
Server Security
Root Password
File Positions and Ownerships
The Apache Web Site
Permissions on ServerRoot directories
Server-side includes
Nonscript-aliased CGI
Script-aliased CGI
CGI in general
Stopping users overriding system-wide settings…
Protect server files by default
Managing a Big Site
Development Machines
Beta Test
The Live Site
Upgrade Procedures
Maintenance Pages
Supporting Software
Database Manager
Mailserver
PGP
SSH Access to Server
Credit Cards
Passwords
Turn Off Unwanted Services
Backend Networks
SuEXEC
SSL
Certificates
Scalability
Performance
Tools
Apache’s mod_info
Bandwidth
Load balancing
Image server, text server
Shared Versus Replicated DBs
Load Balancing
Spreading the Load
mod_backhand
Installation of mod_backhand
Directives
Backhand
BackhandFromSO
UnixSocketDir
MulticastStats
AcceptStats
HTTPRedirectToIP
HTTPRedirectToName
BackhandSelfRedirect
BackhandLogLevel
BackhandModeratorPIDFile
Candidacy Functions
byAge
byLoad
byBusyChildren
byCPU
byLogWindow
byRandom
byCost
bySession
addPrediction
byHostname
The Config File
Example Site
Building Applications
Web Sites as Applications
A Closer Look at HTTP
Creating a Form
Other Approaches to Application Building
Providing Application Logic
Server-Side Includes
PHP
Perl
Java
Other Options
XML, XSLT, and Web Applications
Server-Side Includes
File Size
File Modification Time
Includes
Execute CGI
Echo
Apache v2: SSI Filters
SSIEndTag
SSIErrorMsg
SSIStartTag
SSITimeFormat
SSIUndefinedEcho
XBitHack
XSSI
PHP
Installing PHP
Site.php
Errors
Standalone PHP Scripts
CGI and Perl
The World of CGI
Writing and Executing Scripts
Scripts and Apache
Executable script
Telling Apache About the Script
Script in cgi-bin
Script in DocumentRoot
Perl
Databases
HTML
Running a Script via Apache
Quote Marks
HTTP Header
Getting Data from the Client
Data from a link
CGI.pm
Questions and answers
Environment Variables
Setting Environment Variables
SetEnv
UnsetEnv
PassEnv
Cookies
Apache Cookies
CookieName
CookieLog
CookieTracking
The Config File
Email
Search Engines and CGI
Debugging
Debuggers
Security
Script Directives
ScriptAlias
ScriptAliasMatch
ScriptLog
ScriptLogLength
ScriptLogBuffer
RLimitCPU
RLimitMEM
RLimitNPROC
suEXEC on Unix
A Demonstration of suEXEC
Handlers
AddHandler
SetHandler
RemoveHandler
Actions
Action
Browsers
SetEnvIf and SetEnvIfNoCase
BrowserMatch and BrowserMatchNoCase
nokeepalive
force-response-1.0
downgrade-1.0
mod_perl
How mod_perl Works
mod_perl Documentation
Installing mod_perl—The Simple Way
Linking More Than One Module
Test
Installation Gotchas
Modifying Your Scripts to Run Under mod_perl
Global Variables
Perl Flags
Strict Pregame
Loading Changes
Opening and Closing Files
Configuring Apache to Use mod_perl
Performance Tuning
Making Scripts Run Faster
Preloading modules and compiling
Database interface persistence
KeepAlives and MaxClients
Profiling
mod_jserv and Tomcat
mod_jserv
Making gmake
Building JServ
JServ Directives
ApJservManual
ApJServProperties
ApJServLogFile
ApJServLogLevel
ApJServDefaultProtocol
ApJServDefaultHost
ApJServDefaultPort
ApJServVMTimeout
ApJServProtocolParameter
ApJServSecretKey
ApJServMount
ApJServMountCopy
ApJServAction
JServ Status
Writing a Servlet
Tomcat
Installing the JDK
Installation of Tomcat
Tomcat’s Directory Structure
Bin
Conf
Writing and Testing a Servlet
Connecting Tomcat to Apache
mod_jk
XML and Cocoon
XML
XML and Perl
Cocoon
Cocoon 1.8 and JServ
Cocoon 2.0.3 and Tomcat
Testing Cocoon
The Apache API
Documentation
APR
Pools
Per-Server Configuration
Per-Directory Configuration
Per-Request Information
Access to Configuration and Request Information
Hooks, Optional Hooks, and Optional Functions
Hooks
Optional Hooks
Optional Hook Example
Optional Functions
Optional Function Example
Filters, Buckets, and Bucket Brigades
Bucket Interface
Output Filters
Input Filters
Modules
Writing Apache Modules
Overview
Status Codes
The Module Structure
Create Per-Server Config Structure
Create Per-Directory Config Structure
Pre-Config (2.0)
Per-Server Merger
Per-Directory Merger
Command Table
Initializer
Child Initialization
Post Read Request
Quick Handler (2.0)
Translate Name
Map to Storage (2.0)
Header Parser
Check Access
Check User ID
Check Auth
Type Checker
Prerun Fixups
Handlers
Logger
Child Exit
A Complete Example
Overview
Example Output
General Hints
Porting to Apache 2.0
The Apache 1.x API

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