A Priori 1st Edition by Edwin Mares- Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery:9780773539419,0773539417
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ISBN 10:0773539417
ISBN 13:9780773539419
Author:Edwin Mares
In recent years many influential philosophers have advocated that philosophy is an a priori science. Yet very few epistemology textbooks discuss a priori knowledge at any length, focusing instead on empirical knowledge and empirical justification. As a priori knowledge has moved centre stage, the literature remains either too technical or too out of date to make up a reasonable component of an undergraduate course. Edwin Mares book aims to rectify this. This book seeks to make accessible to students the standard topics and current debates within a priori knowledge, including necessity and certainty, rationalism, empiricism and analyticity, Quine’s attack on the a priori, Kantianism, Aristotelianism, mathematical knowledge, moral knowledge, logical knowledge and philosophical knowledge.
A Priori 1st Table of contents:
1 Introduction
1.1 What is a priori knowledge?
1.2 What is so important about a priori knowledge?
1.3 A note on “knowledge”
1.4 A priori justification
1.5 Theories of justification
1.6 Immunity from empirical refutation
1.7 Plan of the book
Further reading
2 Necessity and certainty
2.1 Taking care of business
2.2 The framework: possible worlds
2.3 Propositions
2.4 Double indexing
2.5 Necessary a posteriori propositions
2.6 Contingent a priori propositions
2.7 Certainty and the a priori
2.8 A priori defeasibility
2.9 Contextualism
2.10 Summary
Further reading
3 Rationalism and self-evidence
3.1 Rationalism
3.2 History of rationalism
3.3 Rationalism and contemporary epistemology
3.4 Rational insight
3.5 Descartes’ clear and distinct ideas
3.7 BonJour’s theory
3.8 Audi’s theory
3.9 Self-evidence and inference
3.10 What can rational insight tell us?
3.11 Rational insight and fallibility
3.12 Summary
Further reading
4 Nativism
4.1 What is nativism?
4.2 History of nativism
4.3 Innateness and epistemology
4.4 The Meno argument
4.5 The poverty of stimulus argument
4.6 Summary
Further reading
5 Analyticity
5.1 Analytic-synthetic distinctions
5.2 The history of analyticity
5.3 Truth by virtue of meaning
5.4 Epistemological conceptions of analyticity
5.5 Truth by stipulation
5.6 Implicit definitions
5.7 Conventions in science
5.8 Analytic justification
5.9 Summary
Further reading
6 Radical empiricism
6.1 The burden of proof
6.2 Mill’s inductivism
6.3 Peirce and Harman on abduction
6.4 Quine’s web of belief
6.5 The Duhem–Quine problem
6.6 Quine’s master argument
6.7 Analysis of the master argument
6.8 Inverting the master argument
6.9 Norms and necessities
6.10 Naturalized epistemology
6.11 BonJour’s argument against Quine’s naturalized epistemology
6.12 Assessing radical empiricism
Further reading
7 Kantianism
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Kant on phenomena and noumena
7.3 Intuitions, concepts and beliefs
7.4 Transcendental arguments
7.5 Different notions of apriority in Kant
7.6 Absolute and relative a priori
7.7 Kantian crises
7.8 Michael Friedman’s Kantianism
7.9 What should we say about Kant and Kantianism?
Further reading
8 Aristotelianism
8.1 Introduction
8.2 History of Aristotelianism
8.3 Is Aristotelian justification really a priori?
8.4 Aristotelian concepts
8.5 Empirical defeasibility
8.6 Idealization
8.7 Connections between concepts
8.8 Infinite sequences and mathematical knowledge
8.9 Aristotelianism and rationalism
8.10 Is abstraction reliable?
8.11 Aristotelianism and other epistemologies
8.12 Summary
Further reading
9 Moral knowledge
9.1 Moral epistemology
9.2 Radical empiricism
9.3 Are moral principles innate?
9.4 Are moral principles analytic?
9.5 Rationalism, Aristotelianism and moral intuition
9.6 Kantian moral epistemology
9.7 Summary
Further reading
10 Logical knowledge
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Are the laws of logic known empirically?
10.3 Logic and analyticity I: logic and meaning
10.4 Logic and analyticity II: logic and convention
10.5 The innateness of logical principles
10.6 The necessity of logic
10.7 The problem of alternative logics
10.8 Rationalism and Aristotelianism about logic
10.9 Kant and logic
10.10 Summary
Further reading
11 Mathematical knowledge
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Platonism and rational insight
11.3 Logicism
11.4 Conditional axioms
11.5 The limits of axiom systems
11.6 The Kantian solution
11.7 An Aristotelian solution (or is it nativist?)
11.8 Beyond arithmetic
11.9 Top-down versus bottom-up epistemologies of mathematics
11.10 Radical empiricism and mathematics
11.11 Conclusion
Further reading
12 Modality
12.1 The place of modality in a priori knowledge
12.2 Radical empiricism
12.3 Modality and ontology
12.4 Analyticity and necessity
12.5 Coherence methods and empirical methods
12.6 Rationalism and rational insight
12.7 Aristotelianism
12.8 Kantianism
12.9 Conclusion
Further reading
13 Scorecard
13.1 Taking stock
13.2 Rationalism
13.3 Nativism
13.4 Analytic justification
13.5 Radical empiricism
13.6 Kantianism
13.7 Aristotelianism
Notes
1. Introduction
2. Necessity and certainty
3. Rationalism and self- evidence
4. Nativism
5. Analyticity
6. Radical empiricism
7. Kantianism
8. Aristotelianism
9. Moral knowledge
10. Logical knowledge
11. Mathematical knowledge
12. Modality
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