12-Lead ECG 2nd Edition by Tomas B. Garcia – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0763773514, 9780763773519
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ISBN 10: 0763773514
ISBN 13: 9780763773519
Author: Tomas B. Garcia
Welcome to the most comprehensive resource on 12-Lead ECG interpretation!This all-encompassing, four-color text, updated to the new Second Edition, is designed to make you a fully advanced interpreter of ECGs. Whether you are paramedic, nurse, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, medical student, or physician wanting to learn or brush up on your knowledge of electrocardiography, this book will meet your needs.12-Lead ECG: The Art of Interpretation, Second Edition takes the complex subject of electrocardiography and presents it in a simple, innovative, 3-level approach. Level 1 provides basic information for those with minimal experience interpreting ECGs. Level 2 provides intermediate information for those with a basic understanding of the principles of electrocardiography. Level 3 provides advanced information for those with some mastery of the subject. The entire text is written in a friendly, easy-to-read tone. Additionally, the text contains real-life, full-size ECG strips that are integrated throughout the text and analyzed in conjunction with the concepts they illustrate.
12-Lead ECG 2nd Table of contents:
PART 1: THE BASICS
How to Read an ECG
Chapter 1: Anatomy
Gross Anatomy
Anterior View
The Heart in Cross Section
The Heart as a Pump
Pump Function Simplified
The Electrical Conduction System
Pacemaker Function
Pacemaker Settings
The Sinoatrial (SA) Node
The Internodal Pathways
The Atrioventricular (AV) Node
The Bundle of His
The Left Bundle Branch (LBB)
The Right Bundle Branch (RBB)
The Left Anterior Fascicle (LAF)
The Left Posterior Fascicle (LPF)
The Purkinje System
Chapter In Review
Chapter 2: Electrophysiology
Mechanics of Contraction
Ion Movement and Polarity
Membrane Channels and Action Potential Phases
Chapter In Review
Chapter 3: Individual Vectors
Adding and Subtracting Vectors
The Electrical Axis of the Heart
Electrodes and Waves
Leads Are Like Pictures of the Heart
Lead Placement (Where to Put the “Cameras”)
How the Machine Manipulates the Leads
The Two Lead Systems
The Hexaxial System
The Precordial System
The Heart in Three Dimensions
Localizing an Area: Inferior Wall
Localizing Other Areas
Chapter In Review
Chapter 4: The Actual ECG: Paper and Ink
Boxes and Sizes
Calibration
Where Is Each Lead Represented?
Temporal Relationship of the ECG
Why Is Temporal Spacing Important?
Chapter In Review
Chapter 5: ECG Tools
Calipers: The ECG Interpreter’s Best Friend
How to Use Your Calipers
Comparing Wave Heights
Adding Wave Heights
Comparing Widths
Axis-Wheel Ruler
ECG Rulers
Straight Edge
Chapter 6: The Basic Beat
Introduction to Basic Components
Wave Nomenclature
Individual Components of the ECG Complex
The P Wave
The Tp Wave
The PR Segment
The PR Interval
The QRS Complex
The ST Segment
The T Wave
The QT Interval
The U Wave
Additional Intervals
The Cardiac Cycle and Complex Formation
Chapter In Review
Chapter 7: The Rate
Establishing the Rate
Normal and Fast Rates
Bradycardic Rates
Let’s practice calculating some rates . . .
Calculate the rates . . .
Chapter In Review
Chapter 8: Rhythms
Major Concepts
General
P Waves
QRS Complexes
Individual Rhythms
Supraventricular Rhythms
Ventricular Rhythms
Heart Blocks
Chapter In Review
PART 2: ECG INTERPRETATION
Chapter 9: The P Wave
Overview
ECG Case Study: P Wave Basics
P Wave Morphology
ECG Case Studies: P Wave Morphology
Abnormal P Waves
P-mitrale
ECG Case Studies: P-mitrale
P-pulmonale
ECG Case Studies: P-pulmonale
Intraatrial Conduction Delay (IACD)
ECG Case Studies: Biphasic P Waves
Biatrial Enlargement
ECG Case Studies: Biatrial Enlargement
Chapter In Review
Chapter 10: The PR Interval
Conduction Overview
PR Depression
ECG Case Study: PR Interval Depression
Measuring the Interval
Short PR Interval
ECG Case Study: Short PR Interval
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW)
ECG Case Studies: WPW
WPW Syndrome—Advanced Information
Prolonged PR Interval
ECG Case Study: Prolonged PR Interval
Chapter In Review
Chapter 11: The QRS Complex
How Are the Waves Made?
What to Look for in the QRS Complex
QRS Height (Amplitude)
Abnormal Amplitude
ECG Case Studies: Pericardial Effusion
ECG Case Study: Large QRS Complexes
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
Electrocardiogram Criteria for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Identifying Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Step by Step
ECG Case Studies: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (RVH)
RVH and the ECG
ECG Case Studies: Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
QRS Duration
ECG Case Studies: QRS Duration
The Wide-QRS Differential, Simplified
QRS Morphology
ECG Case Studies: QRS Morphology
Q Wave Significance
Benign Q Waves
Respiratory Variation of Q Waves
ECG Case Studies: Q Wave Significance
Significant (Pathological) Q Waves
Transition Zone
ECG Case Studies: Transition Zone
QRS Notching
Osborn (J) Waves
ECG Case Studies: QRS Notching and Osborn Waves
Chapter In Review
Chapter 12: The Electrical Axis
How to Calculate the Electrical Axis
Isolating the Axis
1. Find the Quadrant
2. Isolate the Isoelectric Lead
3. Isolate the Closest Lead
4. Isolate the Vector
5. Double-check Your Findings
Causes of Axis Deviation
Right Axis Deviation
Left Axis Deviation
The Z Axis
The Z Axis Precordial Lead System
More Examples: Adding the Z Axis
Z Axis: Other Approaches
Chapter In Review
Chapter 13: Bundle Branch Blocks and Hemiblocks
Right Bundle Branch Block
ECG Findings in Right Bundle Branch Blocks
The QR´ Wave
ECG Case Studies: Right Bundle Branch Block
Left Bundle Branch Block
Criteria for Diagnosing LBBB
ECG Case Studies: Left Bundle Branch Block
Intraventricular Conduction Delay (IVCD)
Summary Comments on Bundle Branch Blocks
ECG Case Studies: Intraventricular Conduction Delay
Hemiblocks
Left Anterior Hemiblock
ECG Case Studies: Left Anterior Hemiblock
Left Posterior Hemiblock
ECG Case Studies: Left Posterior Hemiblock
Bifascicular Blocks
ECG Case Studies: Bifascicular Block
Chapter In Review
Chapter 14: ST Segment and T Waves
Basics
Where Is the J Point?
ST Elevation or Depression
ST Segment Shapes
The T Wave
ECG Case Studies: ST Segments and T Waves
Ischemia and Injury
ECG Case Studies: Ischemia and Injury
Strain Pattern
Right Ventricular Strain Pattern
ECG Case Studies: Right Ventricular Strain Pattern
Left Ventricular Strain Pattern
ECG Case Studies: Left Ventricular Strain Pattern
ECG Comparisons: Benign Changes Versus Infarct
Pericarditis Revisited
ECG Case Studies: Pericarditis
STs and T Waves in Blocks
ECG Case Studies: STs and Ts in Blocks
Chapter In Review
Chapter 15: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
Introduction
Zones of Ischemia, Injury, and Infarction
Acute Coronary Syndromes
Infarct and Q Waves
Q Wave Infarct
Non–Q Wave Infarct
ECG Progression in Infarct
Reciprocal Changes
Infarct Regions on the ECG
Infarct Regions in Combination
Anterior Wall AMI
Anteroseptal MI
ECG Case Studies: Anteroseptal AMI
Anteroseptal AMI with Lateral Extension
ECG Case Studies: Anteroseptal AMI with Lateral Extension
Lateral Wall AMI
ECG Case Study: Lateral Wall AMI
Inferior Wall AMI
ECG Case Studies: Inferior Wall AMI
Inferolateral AMI
ECG Case Studies: Inferolateral AMI
Apical AMI
ECG Case Studies: Apical AMI
Additional ECG Leads
Placing Additional Right-Sided Leads
Placing Additional Posterior Leads
Right Ventricular AMI
Criteria for Right Ventricular Infarction
Right Ventricular AMI: Summary
ECG Case Studies: Right Ventricular Infarction
Posterior Wall AMI
Carousel Ponies Are Bad on the ECG
Posterior Wall MI: Summary
ECG Case Studies: Posterior Wall AMI
ECG Case Studies: Inferoposterior AMI
ECG Case Studies: Inferior-RV-Posterior AMI
Conclusion
Chapter In Review
Chapter 16: Electrolyte and Drug Effects
Hyperkalemia and Its Effects
The Spectrum of Hyperkalemia
T Wave Abnormalities in Hyperkalemia
ECG Case Studies: T Wave Changes in Hyperkalemia
IVCD and Hyperkalemia
P Waves and Hyperkalemia
ECG Case Studies: IVCD and P Waves in Hyperkalemia
Other Electrolyte Abnormalities
Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
ECG Case Studies: Other Electrolyte Abnormalities
Drug Effects
Digoxin
ECG Case Studies: Drug Effects
Chapter In Review
Chapter 17: Putting It All Together
New Ground
The 10 Questions of the Gram
1. What Is My General Impression?
2. Is There Anything That Sticks Out?
3. What Is the Rate?
4. What Are the Intervals?
5. What Is the Rhythm?
6. What Is the Axis?
7. Is There Any Hypertrophy?
8. Is There Any Ischemia or Infarction?
9. What Is the Differential Diagnosis of the Abnormality?
10. How Can I Put It All Together with the Patient?
The Big Picture
PART 3: TEST ECGS
Test ECGs
Test ECG Answers
Acronyms
Additional Readings
Glossary
ECG Index
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