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Reproductive Health and Gender Equality 1st Edition by Guang Zhen Wang ISBN 1317065867 9781317065869

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Author(s): Guang-zhen Wang
ISBN(s): 9781317065869, 1317065867
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 3.46 MB
Year: 2016
Language: english
SKU: EB-37049436 Category: Tag:

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ISBN 10: 1317065867 
ISBN 13: 9781317065869
Author: Guang Zhen Wang

Since the late 1990s approaches to women’s reproductive health has shifted from a service-based model to a human rights approach. This approach associates reproductive health with freedom from discrimination and enjoyment of a satisfying and safe sex life, and full access to information and services related to reproduction. In spite of this shift, and the global effort to promote women’s reproductive health through the enhancement of human rights and gender equality, progress has been very slow. In this book the author fills a much-needed empirical study of women’s reproductive health. The author assesses data from 137 developing countries (or areas) and challenges the prevailing bioscience and public health models by linking women’s reproductive health to gender equality measures and development policies. Discussion on abortion rights, regional variations and reproductive health needs among refugees and internally displaced persons are also discussed. This is a timely study which provides a theoretical and social policy basis for monitoring and improving women’s reproductive health in developing countries. This is particularly important in the light of insufficient research in the field and a lack of analysis on the empirical and theoretical linkages between reproductive health and gender equality. The book will be of interest to researchers, professionals and students interested in women’s health issues, gender/women’s studies and human rights.

Reproductive Health and Gender Equality 1st Table of contents:

1 Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 What is Women’s Reproductive Health?
1.3 Theoretical Perspectives
I Neo-Malthusian Thought and the Demographic Perspective
II Public Health Perspectives
III Gender Equality Approach
2 Theoretical Explanations of the Proposed Model
2.1 Women’s Human Rights and Reproductive Health
I Conceptualizing Human Rights and Women ‘s Rights
II Perspectives to Explain the Relationship between Women ‘s Human Rights and Reproductive Health
2.2 Gender Equality and Women’s Reproductive Health
I Conceptualizing Gender Equality
II Perspectives to Explain the Relationship between Gender Equality and Women’s Reproductive Health
2.3 Maternal-Child Health Care and Women’s Reproductive Health
2.4 Economic Development and Gender Equality
2.5 Political Development and Gender Equality
2.6 Economic Development and Women’s Human Rights
2.7 Political Development and Women’s Human Rights
2.8 Economic Development and Maternal-Child Care
2.9 Political Development and Maternal-Child Care
3 Measurement of the Variables
3.1 ndicators and Scales of Women’s Reproductive Health
I Chronology of the Measurement of Reproductive Health
II Measurement of Women’s Reproductive Health
II Indicators of Exogenous Variables
I Maternal-Child Care
II Gender Equality
III Women’s Human Rights
IV Economic Development
V Political Development
3.3 Data Sources
4 Findings and Analysis
4.1 Descriptive Statistics
4.2 Measurement Model
4.3 Structural Model
4.4 Alternative Model
5 Regional Variations
5.1 Regional Variations in Women’s Reproductive Health Indicators
I Maternal Mortality
II Infant Mortality
III Infants with Low Birth Weight (infants who weigh less than 2,500 grams)
5.2 Cluster Analysis
5.3 OLS Estimates of Regional Variations
5.4 The sub-Saharan Africa Dilemma
6 Discussion and Implications
6.1 Enhancing Gender Equality Approach to Women’s Reproductive Health
I Development of Gender Equality Approach
II Implications of Gender Equality Approach
6.2 Engendering Social Policies in Light of Women’s Reproductive Health
6.3 Limitations of the Study
I Selection of Indicators
II Conceptualizing Variables in Multinational Research
III Impact of Culture
IV Cross Sectional Data
6.4 Summary
Appendix B Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, 26 August 1789
Appendix C Chronology of International Conferences on Gender Equality, Women’s Rights, and Women’s Reproductive Health
Appendix D Women’s Human Rights and Reproductive Rights
Appendix E Developing Countries in Regional Aggregates
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
South Asia
Latin America and Caribbean
Southern Europe
Sub-Saharan Africa
Appendix F The Emirates of Asia Minor During the Fourteenth Century
Appendix G Global Gag Rule Timeline
1973 January 22: Roe v. Wade: Abortion Legalized in the US
1984 August: Mexico City Policy Introduced
1985 IPPF De-funded
US Government Sued Over Gag Rule
1987 PPFA Sues USAID
1990 Pathfinder and Others Sue USAID
November: Impact of Global Gag Rule Studied
1991 House Rejects Foreign Aid Authorization Bill
1992 Congress Passes Aid Bill with Gag Rule Reversal Language
1993 Mexico City Policy Repealed
1996 Stalemate over Global Gag Rule
1999 Fall: Congress Imposes Modified Global Gag Rule
2000 Fall: Population Funding Delayed on Election Outcome Gamble
2001 January 22: Bush Reinstates Global Gag Rule
February: Global Democracy Promotion Act Introduced
March 28: Bush Issues Presidential Memorandum Restoring Mexico City, Clarifying Stance on Post-Abortion Care
May: Global Gag Rule Challenge Survives Committees, But Fails in the House
June: Advocacy Group Sues President Bush
September: USAID Affirms Support for Post-Abortion Care
October: Senate Approves Language Overturning Gag Rule
2002 Fight for UNFPA Sidelines Gag Rule Battle
2003 February: White House Threatens Global Gag Rule Expansion
March: African Officials and Health Professionals “Vehemently Oppose the Global Gag Rule.”
April: White House Withdraws Proposed Gag Rule Expansion to HIV/AIDS Funds
July: Senate Votes to Overturn Global Gag Rule
August: Bush Extends Global Gag Rule to State Department
October: Senate Passes Foreign Operations Bill with Amendment Overturning the Global Gag Rule
2004 January: President Bush Signs Omnibus Spending Bill without Language Overturning the Global Gag Rule
Autumn: Countdown 2015 Conference Examines Progress since the Cairo Conference, Sparking Renewed Media Interest in Global Gag Rule
September: Senate Appropriations Committee Reinforces Policy that HIV/AIDS Programs Exempted from Global Gag Rule
December: Final Spending Bill Again Leaves Global Gag Rule Restrictions Intact
2005 April: Senate votes to overturn Global Gag Rule
November: Amendment Exempting Contraceptives and Condoms from Global Gag Rule Dropped
2006 June: Senate Appropriations Committee Endorses Full Repeal of Global Gag Rule
2007 June: House Votes to Grant Exemption from the Global Gag Rule for Contraceptive Supplies
September: Senate Overturns Global Gag Rule in its Entirety and Passes Contraceptive Exemption
December: Amendment Exempting Contraceptives from Global Gag Rule in Veto Showdown
2008 July: Senate Committee Again Goes on Record for Repeal of Global Gag Rule
August: Democratic Party Platform Endorses Gag Rule Repeal
2009 January: President Obama Rescinds Global Gag Rule
Senate Rejects Amendment to Re-impose the Global Gag Rule Legislatively
Appendix H President Obama’s Memorandum (January 23, 2009)
Memorandum for the Secretary of State the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development
SUBJECT: Mexico City Policy and Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning
Repeal of the Mexico City Policy Hillary Rodham Clinton Secretary of State
Appendix I List of Selected Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) Women’s Reproductive Health and Reproductive Rights
Appendix J Countries in Major World Aggregates
Developing Countries (137 countries or areas)
Least Developed Countries (LDCs) (50 countries or areas)
Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) (28 countries or areas)
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (30 countries or areas)
High-income OECD (24 countries or areas)
Appendix K Countries or Areas in Income Aggregates
High Income (55 countries or areas)
Middle Income (97 countries or areas)
Low Income (54 countries or areas)

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Tags: Guang Zhen Wang, Health, Gender Equality