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Political Psychology Situations Individuals and Cases 1st Edition by David P Houghton ISBN 0203889118 9780415990134

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Author(s): David P. Houghton
ISBN(s): 9780415990134, 0203889118
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 1.65 MB
Year: 2008
Language: english
SKU: EB-1629632 Categories: , Tag:

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ISBN 10: 0203889118 
ISBN 13: 9780415990134
Author: David P Houghton

What shapes political behavior more: the situations in which individuals find themselves, or the internal psychological makeup―beliefs, values, and so on―of those individuals? This is perhaps the leading division within the psychological study of politics today. This text provides a concise, readable, and conceptually-organized introduction to the topic of political psychology by examining this very question.

Using this situationism-dispositionism framework―which roughly parallels the concerns of social and cognitive psychology―this book focuses on such key explanatory mechanisms as behaviorism, obedience, personality, groupthink, cognition, affect, emotion, and neuroscience to explore topics ranging from voting behavior and racism to terrorism and international relations.

Houghton’s clear and engaging examples directly challenge students to place themselves in both real and hypothetical situations which involve intense moral and political dilemmas. This highly readable text will provide students with the conceptual foundation they need to make sense of the rapidly changing and increasingly important field of political psychology.

Political Psychology Situations Individuals and Cases 1st Table of contents:

1 Two Conceptual Schemes or Distinctions

  • Homo Economicus and Homo Psychologicus (or “Econs” and “Humans”)

  • “My Brain Made Me Do It”

  • Situationism and Dispositionism

  • The Ingrained Nature of Political Behavior

  • What Determines Our Behavior?

  • The Organization of the Book

  • Notes

2 A Brief History of the Discipline

  • Personality Studies

  • Attitudes and Voting Behavior

  • Political Beliefs, Information Processing, and Decision-Making

  • Neuropolitics and Genopolitics: A Fourth Phase?

  • Notes

Part I The Situation

3 Behaviorism and Human Freedom

  • Assessing Behaviorism

  • Conclusion

  • Notes

4 The Psychology of Obedience

  • The “Authoritarian Personality”

  • Milgram’s Experiments

  • The Banality of Evil

  • Why We Obey: The Drift Towards Dispositionism

  • Milgram’s 35 (Or 50) Percent

  • Assessing Milgram’s Obedience Paradigm

  • Notes

5 Creating a “Bad Barrel”

  • The Stanford Experiment

  • The Abu Ghraib Scandal: Changing Your “Whole Mind Frame”

  • Conclusion

  • Notes

6 Group Decision-Making

  • Why Groups Have an Impact on Us

  • The Perils of Groupthink: Smart Guys Making Dumb Decisions

    • Example 1: The Bay of Pigs

    • Example 2: Escalation of the Vietnam War

  • Criticisms of Janis’s Perspective

  • Newgroup Syndrome

  • The Individual in a Group Setting

  • Conclusion

  • Notes

Part II The Individual

7 Psychobiography

  • The Formative Influence of Sigmund Freud

  • The Formative Influence of Harold Lasswell

  • The Dysfunctional Childhood of Woodrow Wilson?

  • The Complexity of Lyndon Johnson

  • Comparative Psychobiography

  • The Decline of Psychobiography?

  • Problems With Psychobiographic Approaches in General

  • Conclusion

  • Notes

8 Personality and Beliefs

  • Analyzing Personality

  • Analyzing Belief Systems

  • Ole Holsti, Belief Systems, and National Images

  • Operational Code Analysis

  • Conclusion

  • Notes

9 Cognition

  • Cognitive Consistency Theory

  • Attribution Theory

  • Schema Theory

  • Analogical Reasoning

  • Conclusion: A Variety of Complementary Concepts

  • Notes

  • Suggested Further Reading

10 Affect and Emotion

  • Are Emotions “Irrational”?

  • Affective Intelligence Theory

  • Motivated Reasoning Theory

  • How are Hot and Cold Cognition Linked?

  • The Negative Aspects of Emotion

  • Can Emotions Be Measured?

  • Conclusion

  • Notes

  • Suggested Further Reading

11 Biopolitics, Neuropolitics, and Genopolitics

  • Biopolitics

  • Neuropolitics

  • The Human Brain 101

  • The Potential of fMRI and EEG

  • Genopolitics

  • Genetics 101

  • Twin Studies and The Politics in Your DNA

  • Conclusion

  • Notes

  • Suggested Further Reading

Part III Bringing the Two Together

12 The Psychology of Voting Behavior

  • From Situationism to Dispositionism

  • The Rise of Issue Voting and Homo Economicus

  • The Impact of Hot and Cold Cognition

  • How Do We Decide Who to Vote For?

  • Conclusion: The Future of Election Research

  • Notes

13 The Psychology of Political Communication, Persuasion, and the Mass Media

  • The Influence of Lasswell—Again

  • Agenda Setting

  • Framing

  • Priming

  • Emotion and Persuasion

  • Conclusion

  • Notes

  • Suggested Further Reading

14 The Psychology of Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Genocide

  • Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict

  • Five Approaches to Explaining Nationalism

    • Realistic Group Conflict Theory

    • Social Identity Theory

    • Social Dominance Theory

    • The Psychoanalytic Approach

    • Biopolitical Approaches

  • The Psychology of Genocide

  • Conclusion

  • Notes

15 The Psychology of Racism and Political Intolerance

  • Studying Prejudice

  • What Explains Racism?

    • Authoritarian Personality Theory

    • Social Dominance Theory

    • Schema Theory / Stereotyping

    • Affective / Neuropolitical Approaches

    • Situationist Theories

  • Are Americans Still Racist?

  • Symbolic or “New” Racism

  • Principled Conservatism

  • Tolerance and Intolerance

  • Conclusion

  • Notes

16 The Psychology of Terrorism

  • What is Terrorism?

  • Frustration–Aggression Theory

  • Narcissism–Aggression Theory

  • Psychoanalytic / Freudian Accounts

  • Problems With These Theories

  • Situational Factors

  • Horgan’s Process Model

  • The “Mystery” of Suicide Terrorism

  • Conclusion

  • Notes

17 The Psychology of International Security

  • The Situationism of International Relations Theory

  • Misperceptions, Cold and Hot

  • Some Recent Innovations

  • The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation

  • The Psychology of Risk-Taking

  • The Psychology of Deterrence

  • Evolutionary Psychology and the Road to War

  • Empathy: The Antidote to Attribution Error and Other Things

  • Conclusion

  • Notes

18 The Future of Political Psychology

  • Emotional Brains, Homo Neurobiologicus, and Shifting Paradigms

  • Choosing Between Dispositionism and Situationism?

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