Ecology of Weeds and Invasive Plants Relationship to Agriculture and Natural Resource Management 3rd Edition by Steven R Radosevich, Jodie S Holt, Claudio M Ghersa ISBN 0470168935 9780471767794

Ecology of Weeds and Invasive Plants Relationship to Agriculture and Natural Resource Management 3rd Edition by Steven R Radosevich, Jodie S Holt, Claudio M. Ghersa – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 0470168935, 9780471767794
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ISBN 10: 0470168935 
ISBN 13: 9780471767794
Author: Steven R Radosevich, Jodie S Holt, Claudio M. Ghersa

Ecology of Weeds and Invasive Plants Relationship to Agriculture and Natural Resource Management 3rd Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Weeds and Invasive Plants
Weeds
Definitions
Agrestals
Invasive Plants
Terminology
Classification Systems of Weeds and Invasive Plants
Taxonomic Classification
Classification by Life History
Classification by Habitat
Physiological Classification
Classification According to Undesirability
Ecological Classification
Classification by Evolutionary Strategy
Weeds and Invasive Plants in Production Systems
Weeds on Agricultural Land
Reasons for Weed Control
Weeds in Managed Forests
Forest Regeneration
Weeds in Rangelands
Original Vegetation and Early Land Use History of Great Basin
Introduction of Cheatgrass and Fire
Invasive Plants in Less Managed Habitats and Wildlands
Local versus Regional Perspectives about Weeds
Weeds in Regional and Global Context
Summary
Chapter 2: Principles
Ecological Principles
Interrelationship of Biology and Environment
Environment
Scale
Scale in Ecological Systems
Scale in Human Production Systems
Community Differentiation and Boundaries
Community Structure
Succession
Mechanisms of Succession
Succession in Production Systems
Niche Differentiation
Invasion Process
Introduction Phase
Colonization Phase
Naturalization Phase
Genetics of Weeds and Invasive Plants
Fitness and Selection
Patterns of Evolutionary Development of Weeds and Invasive Plants
Plant Demography and Population Dynamics
Management Principles
Assessing Risk from Weeds and Invasive Plants
Management Priorities Based on Risk and Value
Market-Driven Management Considerations
Cost–Benefit Analysis
Assessing Economic Risk
Management Options in Relation to Invasion Process
Social Principles
Societal Aims versus Individual Objectives
Social Conflict and Resolution
Precautionary Principle
Weed and Invasive Plant Management in Modern Society
Summary
Chapter 3: Invasibility of Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems
Plant Invasions over Large Geographical Areas
Habitat Invasibility
Community Invasibility
Local Invasions
Safe Sites
Safe Site Example
Factors That Influence Invasibility
Evolutionary History
Community Structure
Role of Plant Size in Species Dominance and Richness
Propagule Pressure
Relationship of Propagule Pressure to Invasion Process
Relationship of Dispersal to Propagule Pressure
Relationship of Human and Animal Transport to Propagule Pressure
Relationship of Seed Banks to Propagule Pressure
Disturbance
Disturbance and Land Use
Relationship of Disturbance and Succession
Relationship of Stress and Disturbance
Invasibility and Exotic Plant Invasiveness
Summary
Chapter 4: Evolution of Weeds and Invasive Plants
Evolutionary Genetics of Weeds and Invasive Plants
Heritable Genetic Variation
Hybridization and Polyploidy
Epistatic Genetic Variance
Epigenetic Inheritance Systems
Adaptation Following Introduction
Responses to Environmental Gradients
Selection in Barnyardgrass
Selection in St. Johnswort
Responses to Resident Plant Species
Release from Pests, Predation, and Herbivores
Breeding Systems of Weeds and Invasive Plants
Sexual Reproduction
Self-Pollination versus Outcrossing
Founder Effects
Exceptions to Baker’s Rule
Asexual Reproduction
Advantages of Asexual Reproduction in Weeds
Influence of Humans on Weed and Invasive Plant Evolution
Weeds and Invasive Plants as Strategists
Competitive Ruderals
Stress-Tolerant Competitors
Adaptations of Weeds and Invasive Plants to Human Activities
Weeds, Domesticates, and Wild Plants
Crop Mimics
Shifts in Plant Species Composition
Summary
Chapter 5: Weed Demography and Population Dynamics
Principles of Plant Demography
Natality, Mortality, Immigration, and Emigration
Life Tables
Modular Growth
Models of Plant Population Dynamics
Models Based on Difference Equations
Transition Matrices
Metapopulations
Risk of Extinction
Metapopulation Dynamics Applied to Invasive Species
Dynamics of Weed and Invasive Plant Seed
Seed Dispersal through Space
Estimates of Dispersal Distance
Agents of Spatial Seed Dispersal
Seed Banks
Entry of Seed into Soil
Longevity of Seed in Soil
Density and Composition of Seed Banks
Fate of Seed in Soil
Weed Occurrence in Relation to Seed Banks
Dormancy: Dispersal through Time
Descriptions of Seed Dormancy
Physiological Dormancy
Physical Dormancy
Combinations of Physiological and Physical Dormancy
Seed with Underdeveloped Embryos
Using Seed Dormancy to Manage Weed Populations
Recruitment: Germination and Establishment
Seed Germination
Light Requirement for Germination
Risk of Mortality
Seedlings
Vegetative Propagules of Perennial Plants
Epidemics of Weeds and Invasive Plants
Predictive Models of Weed Reproduction, Dispersal, and Survival
Example: Predictions of Changes in Weed Abundance in Agricultural Fields
Summary
Chapter 6: Plant–Plant Associations
Neighbors
Interference
Effect and Response
Is it Competition?
Modifiers of Interference
Space
Density
Species Proportion
Spatial Arrangement
Methods to Study Interference (Competition)
Additive Designs
Substitutive Designs
Replacement Series
Nelder Designs
Diallel Designs
Systematic Designs
Addition Series and Additive Series Designs
Neighborhood Designs
Approaches Used to Study Plant Interference (Competition) in Natural and Managed Ecosystems
Descriptive Studies
Retrospective Studies
Case Studies
Gradient Studies
Intensity and Importance of Competition
Intensity of Competition
Competition Intensity Indices
Relative Yield
Relative Yield Total
Intra- versus Interspecific Competition
Importance of Competition
Competition in Mixed Cropping Systems
Weed Suppression in Mixed Planting Systems
Competition Thresholds
Thresholds in Agriculture
Damage (Density/Biomass) Thresholds
Critical-Period Thresholds
Thresholds in Natural Ecosystems
Mechanisms of Competition
Theories
Theories of Grime and Tilman
Role of Plant Traits
Plant Growth Rates and Components of Growth
Other Types of Interference than Competition
Negative Interference in Addition to Competition
Allelopathy
Responses of Plants to Allelochemicals
Methods to Study Allelopathy
Microbially Produced Phytotoxins
Parasitism, Predation, and Herbivory
Parasitism
Predation
Herbivory
Positive Interference
Facilitation
Commensalism
Protocooperation
Mutualism
Summary
Chapter 7: Weed and Invasive Plant Management Approaches, Methods, and Tools
Prevention, Eradication, and Control
Weed Management in Agroecosystems
Economics and Biology of Weed Control: Whether to Control Weeds
Weed Response to Control
Opportunity to Improve Productivity: Crop Response to Weeds
Profitability: Value of Weed Control
Influence of Weed Control on Agricultural Crops and Weed Associations
Reduction in Weed Density
Alteration in Species Composition
Influence of Weed Control on Other Organisms
Management of Invasive Plants in Natural Ecosystems
Approaches to Prioritize Management
Documenting Invasions
Terms Used by Land Managers
Incorporating Risk Assessment into Invasive Plant Management
Individual Species Approach
Plant Community or Habitat Approach
Risks Associated with Action and Inaction
Framework to Combine Research and Management of Invasive Plants
Methods and Tools to Control Weeds and Invasive Plants
Physical Methods of Weed Control
Hand Pulling and Hoeing
Fire
Flame
Tillage (Cultivation)/Disturbance
Mowing and Shredding
Chaining and Dredging
Flooding
Mulching and Solarization
Cultural Methods of Weed Control
Weed Prevention
Crop Rotation
Competition
Smother Crops
Living Mulches and Cover Crops
Harvesting
Biological Control: Using Natural Enemies to Suppress Weeds
Procedures for Developing Biological Control
Grazing
Mycoherbicides
Allelopathy
Chemical Control
Herbicides
Summary
Chapter 8: Herbicides
Herbicides as Commercial Products
Laws for Herbicide Registration and Use in United States
Information on Herbicide Label
Voluntary and Legislative Restrictions on Herbicide Use
Properties of Herbicides that Affect Human, Animal, and Environmental Safety
Toxicity
Biological Magnification
Persistence
Voluntary Selection Criteria for Herbicide Use
Chemical Properties of Herbicides that Affect Use
Chemical Structure
Water Solubility and Polarity
Volatility
Formulations
Carriers and Adjuvants for Herbicide Applications
Herbicide Classification
Classification Based on Chemical Structure
Classification Based on Use
Soil-Applied Herbicides
Foliage-Applied Herbicides
Soil Residual Herbicides
Soil Fumigants
Aquatic Herbicides
Classification Based on Biological Effect in Plants
Herbicide Symptoms and Selectivity
Symptoms
Abnormal Tissues and Twisted Plants
Disruption of Cell Division
Chlorosis, Necrosis, and Albinism
Altered Geotropic and Phototropic Responses
Reduced Leaf Waxes
Selectivity
Plant Factors of Herbicide Selectivity
Chemical Factors of Herbicide Selectivity
Environmental Factors of Herbicide Selectivity
Herbicide Application
Proper Rate (Dose)
Proper Distribution
Application Equipment
Fate of Herbicides in Environment
Herbicide Displacement in Environment
Herbicide Movement in Air
Herbicides in Soil
Herbicide Movement with Water
Herbicide Decomposition in Environment
Photochemical Decomposition
Chemical Decomposition
Microbial Decomposition
Reduction of Herbicides in Agriculture and Natural Resource Production Systems
Summary
Chapter 9: Systems Approaches for Weed and Invasive Plant Management
Cycles of Land Use, Expansion, and Intensification for Production
Evolution of Modern Integrated Pest Management
Evolution of Weed Science
Approaches for Pest and Weed Management
Integrated Weed Management
Levels of Integrated Weed Management
Ecological Principles to Design Weed Management Systems
Future Directions in Integrated Weed Management
Novel Ecosystems
Novel Weed/Invasive Plant Management Systems
Agriculture
Managed Forests and Forest Plantations
When Limited Herbicide Use Is Acceptable
Rangeland
Value Systems in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystem Management
Role of Human Institutions in Weed Management
The 2,4,5-T Controversy
Atrazine and Water Quality
Herbicide-Resistant Crops
Consequences of Human Values on Weed and Invasive Plant Management
Simplification, Deterioration, and Loss of Biological Regulation in Agriculture
Weeds and Invasive Plants as Symptoms of Ecosystem Dysfunction
Weed Occurrence on Deteriorating Soil Base
Other Examples of Ecosystem Deterioration
Socioeconomic Influences on Weed and Invasive Plant Management
Future Challenges for Scientists, Farmers, and Land Managers

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Tags: Steven R Radosevich, Jodie S Holt, Claudio M Ghersa, Ecology, Invasive Plants, Natural Resource