The French Revolution 2nd Edition by Noah Shusterman ISBN 1138360880 9781138360884

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ISBN 10: 1138360880 
ISBN 13: 9781138360884
Author: Noah Shusterman

Karl Marx’s essay The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon opens with the memorable remark that history repeats itself, “the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce”. Ironically, this essay dealt with the third French revolution, in 1848. One would have thought that the revolution of 1830 had furnished ample farce to last out the century.

In an unpublished novel, Marx had earlier expressed a similar sentiment in reference to the 1830 revolution: “Every giant presupposes a dwarf, every genius a philistine … Caesar leaves behind him Octavian, Emperor Napoleon the bourgeois king Louis Philippe.”

1814 saw the defeat of Napoleon and the installation of the Boubon monarch Louie 18th, brother of the executed Louie 16th. Ten years later, on his death, his brother Charles 10th ascended to the throne.

Tallyrand summed up these two Bourbon kings with the celebrated phrase, “They have learned nothing and forgotten nothing.” The Congress of Vienna had restored the Bourbons, but forced them to accept a Constitutional monarchy, with la Charte and an elected Chamber of Deputies and an inherited Chamber of Peers. So, roughly, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. But sufferage was absurdly low: only 1%–2% of the populace possessed the right to vote.

The French Revolution 2nd Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Introduction to the French Revolution
1.1 Background and Causes
1.2 The Social Structure of Pre-Revolutionary France
1.3 Overview of the Three Estates

Chapter 2: The Second Estate
2.1 Definition and Composition of the Second Estate
2.2 Privileges and Responsibilities
2.3 Economic and Political Power
2.4 The Role of the Nobility in French Society
2.5 Criticisms and Challenges Faced by the Second Estate

Chapter 3: Lead-up to the Revolution
3.1 Financial Crisis and Debt
3.2 The Estates-General and Political Conflict
3.3 The Role of the Second Estate in the Estates-General
3.4 The Tennis Court Oath and National Assembly

Chapter 4: The French Revolution Begins
4.1 The Fall of the Bastille
4.2 The Great Fear and Peasant Revolts
4.3 The Abolition of Feudal Privileges
4.4 Impact on the Second Estate

Chapter 5: The Second Estate during the Revolution
5.1 Nobles’ Reactions to Revolutionary Changes
5.2 Emigration and Counter-Revolutionary Efforts
5.3 Changes in Land Ownership and Titles
5.4 Decline of Aristocratic Power

Chapter 6: The Second French Revolution (if applicable)
6.1 Definition and Timeline
6.2 Causes and Key Players
6.3 Outcomes and Historical Significance

Chapter 7: Legacy of the Second Estate Post-Revolution
7.1 Social and Political Transformation
7.2 The End of Nobility Privileges
7.3 The Second Estate in Modern French Society

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Tags: Noah Shusterman, French Revolution