Section I Activity Theory in Studying Performance
1 Introduction to Applied and Systemic-Structural Activity Theory
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1.1 introduction
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1.2 general activity theory concepts
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1.3 applied activity theory
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1.4 systemic-structural activity theory
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1.5 activity as a self-regulated system
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1.6 goal concept: comparative analysis
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1.7 conclusion
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references
2 The Relationship between External and Internal Aspects in Activity Theory and Its Importance in the Study of Human Work
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2.1 introduction
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2.2 personality principle in the study of human development
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2.3 rubinshtein’s external and internal aspects of human development
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2.4 leont’ev’s internalization concept
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2.5 vygotsky’s internalization concept
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2.6 activity as a self-regulating system
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2.7 concept of internalization in systemic-structural activity theory
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2.8 practical application
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2.9 discussion and conclusion
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references
Section II Human–Computer Interaction
3 Task Concept and Its Major Attributes in Ergonomics and Psychology
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3.1 introduction
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3.2 task concept in work studies
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3.3 historic overview of goal concepts in psychology and ergonomics
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3.4 anticipation from activity theory perspectives
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3.5 concept of goal in activity theory
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3.6 goal and motivation in task analysis
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3.7 analysis of the concept of goal in human-computer interaction task analysis
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3.8 conclusion
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references
4 Task Concept in Production and Nonproduction Environments
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4.1 introduction
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4.2 meaning and sense in task performance
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4.3 thought process during the performance of computer-based tasks
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4.4 analysis of task performance in the nonproduction environment
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4.5 classification of tasks and their basic characteristics
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4.6 conclusion
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references
5 Microgenetic Principles in the Study of Computer-Based Tasks
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5.1 introduction
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5.2 systemic-structural activity theory as a framework for the study of computer-based tasks
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5.3 experimental design and data collection
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5.4 classification of tasks
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5.5 performance measures during skill acquisition
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5.5.1 measures of motor performance
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5.5.2 measures based on mouse movement data
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5.5.2.1 time per click
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5.5.2.2 time per click
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5.5.2.3 mouse traversal rate
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5.5.3 measures based on eye movement data
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5.5.3.1 visual fixation time
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5.5.3.2 total number of eye visits per click
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5.5.3.3 average processing time per visit
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5.5.3.4 eye visit ratio: object vs. tool area
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5.6 results
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5.6.1 preliminary study
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5.6.2 main study – motor activity
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5.6.2.1 total task completion time
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5.6.2.2 time per click
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5.6.2.3 mouse traversal rate evaluation
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5.6.3 main study – eye movement
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5.6.3.1 dwell time in tool area
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5.6.3.2 dwell time in object area
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5.6.3.3 eye and mouse movement aggregation
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5.6.3.4 errors analysis
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5.7 discussion
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references
6 Abandoned Actions Reveal Design Flaws: An Illustration by a Web-Survey Task
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6.1 introduction
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6.2 general characteristics of the web-survey task
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6.3 qualitative analysis of the task
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6.4 principles of algorithmic description
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6.5 algorithmic description of the task
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6.6 analysis of abandoned actions
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6.7 conclusion
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references
Section III Evaluation of Computer Users’ Psychophysiological Functional State
7 Optimization of Human–Computer Interaction by Adjusting Psychophysiological State of the Operator
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7.1 introduction
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7.2 method of adjusting operator’s state
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7.3 experimental research using laserpuncture
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7.4 prospects for laserpuncture-enhanced interfaces
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7.5 conclusion
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references
8 Psychophysiological Analysis of Students’ Functional States during Computer Training
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8.1 introduction
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8.2 experiment description
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8.3 evaluation of students’ individual differences
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8.3.1 professional preferences
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8.3.2 logical thinking
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8.3.3 nervous system traits
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8.4 methods of analyzing functional state
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8.4.1 number memorization test
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8.4.2 number square test
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8.5 results
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8.6 discussion
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references
Section IV Work Activity in Aviation
9 Characteristics of Pilots’ Activity in Emergency Situations Resulting from Technical Failure
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9.1 introduction
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9.2 functional analysis
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9.3 emotional-motivational self-regulation
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9.4 pilots’ dynamic mental model
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9.5 emergency information characteristics
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9.6 actions under uncertain visual info
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9.7 strategies in receiving visual info
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9.8 discussion
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references
10 Functional Analysis of Pilot Activity: A Method of Investigation of Flight Safety
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10.1 introduction
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10.2 pilot-aircraft-environment system
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10.3 functional analysis perspectives
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10.4 examples of analysis
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10.4.1 method
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10.4.2 results
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10.5 functional analysis of emergencies
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10.6 experimental study in real flight
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10.7 conclusion
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references
11 Methodology for Teaching Flight-Specific English to Nonnative English–Speaking Air-Traffic Controllers
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11.1 introduction
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11.2 psychological analysis of controller activity
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11.2.1 general characteristics
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11.2.2 operative thinking & working memory
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11.2.3 attention characteristics
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11.2.4 emotional factors
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11.2.5 fatigue
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11.3 functional analysis
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11.3.1 dynamic mental model
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11.3.2 objective meaning & subjective sense
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11.4 training approach
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11.4.1 training principles
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11.4.2 self-regulation theory
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11.4.3 typical communication errors
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11.5 games in training
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11.5.1 game scenario requirements
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11.5.2 game process characteristics
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11.5.3 psychological features
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11.5.3.1 time-constrained evaluation
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11.5.3.2 extra psychological load
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11.5.3.3 increasing difficulty
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11.5.4 game components
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11.5.5 designing problem situations
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11.6 english language requirements
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11.6.1 sample radio communication
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11.7 methods of evaluation
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11.8 sample past communications
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11.9 conclusion
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references
Section V Special Topics in the Study of Human Work from the Activity Theory Perspective
12 Functional Analysis of Attention
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12.1 introduction
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12.2 experimental method
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12.2.1 method review
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12.2.2 procedure
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12.2.3 design
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12.3 results
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12.4 complex reaction interaction
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12.5 mechanisms of attention
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12.6 attention model
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12.7 conclusion
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references
13 Real and Potential Structures of Activity and the Interrelationship with Features of Personality
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13.1 theoretical aspects
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13.2 existing profession classifications
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13.3 unified classification for civilian and military
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13.4 conclusion
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references
14 Application of Laser-Based Acupuncture to Improve Operators’ Psychophysiological States
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14.1 introduction
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14.2 theoretical and practical basis
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14.3 experimental research using laser-based acupuncture
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14.4 conclusion
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references
15 Information Processing and Holistic Learning and Training in an Organization: A Systemic-Structural Activity Theoretical Approach
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15.1 introduction
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15.2 technical support case study
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15.3 critical case analysis
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15.4 learning and training
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15.4.1 general methodological issues
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