Global Body Shopping An Indian Labor System in the Information Technology Industry 1st Edition by Xiang Biao ISBN 1400836336 9781400836338

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ISBN 10: 1400836336 
ISBN 13: 9781400836338
Author: Xiang Biao

How can America’s information technology (IT) industry predict serious labor shortages while at the same time laying off tens of thousands of employees annually? The answer is the industry’s flexible labor management system–a flexibility widely regarded as the modus operandi of global capitalism today. Global “Body Shopping” explores how flexibility and uncertainty in the IT labor market are constructed and sustained through concrete human actions.
Drawing on in-depth field research in southern India and in Australia, and folding an ethnography into a political economy examination, Xiang Biao offers a richly detailed analysis of the India-based global labor management practice known as “body shopping.” In this practice, a group of consultants–body shops–in different countries works together to recruit IT workers. Body shops then farm out workers to clients as project-based labor; and upon a project’s completion they either place the workers with a different client or “bench” them to await the next placement. Thus, labor is managed globally to serve volatile capital movement.
Underpinning this practice are unequal socioeconomic relations on multiple levels. While wealth in the New Economy is created in an increasingly abstract manner, everyday realities–stock markets in New York, benched IT workers in Sydney, dowries in Hyderabad, and women and children in Indian villages–sustain this flexibility.

Global Body Shopping An Indian Labor System in the Information Technology Industry 1st  Table of contents:

Part I: The Global IT Landscape

1. The Rise of the Information Technology Industry

   • History of IT development and global demand for technology services
   • How India became a major player in the global IT sector

2. Outsourcing and Offshoring: A Global Phenomenon

   • The economics of outsourcing IT services and its rise in the 1990s
   • The relationship between developed countries and offshore labor markets like India

3. Body Shopping Explained

   • Definition and mechanics of the body shopping model
   • How Indian workers are recruited and deployed globally

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Part II: The Indian IT Labor System

4. The Labor Force: Skills, Education, and Training

   • The role of Indian universities, engineering colleges, and technical training programs in shaping the IT workforce
   • Education and skill mismatches in the labor market

5. The Recruitment Process and the Role of Middlemen

   • How recruitment agencies facilitate body shopping in the IT industry
   • The legal and ethical concerns of third-party outsourcing

6. Life of an IT Worker: Experiences and Realities

   • Personal stories of IT workers: From recruitment to relocation
   • Challenges faced by Indian IT workers in foreign countries (visa issues, cultural adaptation, exploitation)

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Part III: Labor Exploitation and Economic Consequences

7. Economic Impact on India: Growth and Dependency

   • How the body shopping model fueled economic growth in India
   • Dependency on outsourcing and its effect on India’s long-term economic sustainability

8. Exploitation and Power Dynamics

   • How workers are often undervalued, overworked, and poorly compensated
   • The disparities in wages between local employees and Indian contractors

9. Gender and Social Inequalities in the IT Sector

   • Gender-based discrimination and the underrepresentation of women in the Indian IT workforce
   • Social hierarchies and caste-related dynamics within the industry

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Part IV: Legal, Ethical, and Social Implications

10. Labor Laws and Worker Rights

    • The legal framework surrounding body shopping in India and abroad
    • The need for stronger labor protections and worker rights

11. The Ethical Questions of Global Labor Mobility

    • Ethical concerns surrounding the exploitation of cheap labor and the displacement of workers in developed countries
    • Corporate responsibility and the role of multinational companies in maintaining ethical standards

12. The Social Impact on Indian Workers

    • The psychological and social toll of working long-term in foreign countries
    • The separation from family and community, and its impact on workers’ personal lives

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Part V: The Future of Global Body Shopping

13. Automation and the Future of IT Labor

    • How automation, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are changing the nature of IT labor
    • The potential effects of these technological changes on the outsourcing industry

14. Reforming the Body Shopping System

    • Proposals for creating a more sustainable and fair labor system within the IT industry
    • The role of policy, government regulation, and corporate accountability in reforming body shopping practices

15. Alternative Models of Global Labor Mobility

    • Exploring ethical and equitable alternatives to the body shopping model
    • Future directions for the global IT workforce and labor systems

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