VLSI Circuits for Biomedical Applications 1st Edition by Krzysztof Iniewski ISBN 1596933178 9781596933170

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ISBN 10: 1596933178 
ISBN 13: 9781596933170
Author: Krzysztof Iniewski

VLSI Circuits for Biomedical Applications 1st Table of contents:

CHAPTER 1 Wireless Integrated Neurochemical and Neuropotential Sensing
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Neurochemical Sensing
 1.2.1 A Review of Neurotransmitters
 1.2.2 Electrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation
 1.2.3 VLSI Multichannel Potentiostat
1.3 Neuropotential Sensing
 1.3.1 Physiological Basis of EEG/ECoG
 1.3.2 Interface Circuitry
1.4 RF Telemetry and Power Harvesting in Implanted Devices
 1.4.1 Introduction to Inductive Coupling
 1.4.2 Telemetry System Architecture and VLSI Design
 1.4.3 Alternative Encoding and Transmission Schemes
1.5 Multimodal Electrical and Chemical Sensing
1.6 Summary
References

CHAPTER 2 Visual Cortical Neuroprosthesis: A System Approach
2.1 Introduction
2.2 System Architecture
2.3 Prosthesis Exterior Body Unit and Wireless Link
 2.3.1 Neuromorphic Encoder
 2.3.2 External Body Unit (Primary RF Unit)
 2.3.3 RF Transformer
2.4 Body Implantable Unit
 2.4.1 Bit Synchronizer
 2.4.2 Reverse Link
 2.4.3 Communication Protocol
2.5 System Prototype
2.6 Conclusions
References

CHAPTER 3 CMOS Circuits for Biomedical Implantable Devices
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Inductive Link to Deliver Power to Implants
 3.2.1 Inductive Link Fundamentals
 3.2.2 The Power Efficiency
 3.2.3 Power Recovery and Voltage Regulation
3.3 High Data Rate Transmission Through Inductive Links
 3.3.1 The BPSK Demodulator
 3.3.2 The QPSK Demodulator
 3.3.3 Validation of the Demodulator Architecture
3.4 Energy and Bandwidth Issues in Multi-Channel Biopotential Recording: Case Study
 3.4.1 Micropower Low-Noise Bioamplifier
 3.4.2 Real-Time Data Reduction and Compression
3.5 Summary
References

CHAPTER 4 Toward Self-Powered Sensors and Circuits for Biomechanical Implants
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Stress, Strain, and Fatigue Prediction
4.3 In Vivo Strain Measurement and Motivation for Self-Powered Sensing
4.4 Fundamentals of Piezoelectric Transduction and Power Delivery
 4.4.1 Piezoelectric Basics
 4.4.2 Piezoelectric Modeling
 4.4.3 Orthopaedic Applications
4.5 Sub-Microwatt Piezo-Powered VLSI Circuits
 4.5.1 Floating-Gate Transistors
 4.5.2 Floating-Gate Injector and Its Mathematical Model
 4.5.3 CMOS Current References
 4.5.4 Floating-Gate Current References
4.6 Design and Calibration of a Complete Floating-Gate Sensor Array
4.7 Conclusions
References

CHAPTER 5 CMOS Circuits for Wireless Medical Applications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Spectrum Regulations for Medical Use
5.3 Integrated Receiver Architectures
5.4 Integrated Transmit Architectures
5.5 Radio Architecture Selection
5.6 System Budget Calculations
5.7 Low-Noise Amplifiers
5.8 Mixers
5.9 Polyphase Filter
5.10 Power Amplifier (PA)
5.11 Phase Locked Loop (PLL)
5.12 Conclusions
References

CHAPTER 6 Error-Correcting Codes for In Vivo RF Wireless Links
6.1 Introduction
6.2 In Vivo Human Body Channel Modeling
6.3 Power Dissipation Model for the RF Link with Error-Correcting Codes
6.4 Encoder Implementations and Power Savings for ECC
6.5 Conclusions
References

CHAPTER 7 Microneedles: A Solid-State Interface with the Human Body
7.1 Introduction
 7.1.1 The Structure of the Skin
 7.1.2 Categories of Microneedles and Probes
7.2 Fabrication Methods for Hollow Out-of-Plane Microneedles
 7.2.1 Fabrication of Metal Microneedles
 7.2.2 Fabrication of Silicon Microneedles
 7.2.3 Fabrication of Polymer Microneedles
 7.2.4 Further Fabrication Methods for Microneedles
7.3 Applications for Microneedles
 7.3.1 Drug Delivery Through Microneedles
 7.3.2 Biosensing Using Microneedles
7.4 Conclusions and Outlook
 7.4.1 The State of the Art of Microneedle Research
 7.4.2 Future Research Directions
References

CHAPTER 8 Integrated Circuits for Neural Interfacing: Neuroelectrical Recording
8.1 Introduction to Neural Recording
8.2 The Nature of Neural Signals
8.3 Neural Signal Amplification
 8.3.1 Design Requirements
 8.3.2 Circuit Architecture and Design Techniques
 8.3.3 Noise vs. Layout Area
References

CHAPTER 9 Integrated Circuits for Neural Interfacing: Neurochemical Recording
9.1 Introduction to Neurochemical Recording
9.2 Chemical Monitoring
9.3 Sensor and Circuit Technologies
 9.3.1 Neurochemical Sensing Probes
 9.3.2 Neurochemical Sensing Interface Circuitry
References

CHAPTER 10 Integrated Circuits for Neural Interfacing: Neural Stimulation
10.1 Introduction to Neural Stimulation
10.2 Electrode Configuration and Tissue Volume Conductor
10.3 Electrode-Electrolyte Interface
10.4 Efficacy of Neural Stimulation
10.5 Stimulus Generator Architecture
10.6 Stimulation Front-End Circuits
References

CHAPTER 11 Circuits for Implantable Neural Recording and Stimulation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Neurophysiology and the Action Potential
11.3 Electrodes
11.4 The Tripolar Cuff Model and Tripolar Amplifier Configurations
11.5 Bioamplifier Circuits
 11.5.1 Clock-Based Techniques
 11.5.2 Continuous-Time Techniques
11.6 Stimulation and Circuits
 11.6.1 Modes of Stimulation
 11.6.2 Types of Stimulation Waveforms
 11.6.3 Stimulator Failure Protection Techniques
 11.6.4 Stimulator Output Stage Configurations Utilizing Blocking Capacitors
 11.6.5 Method to Reduce the Blocking Capacitor Value
 11.6.6 Stimulator Current Generator Circuits
11.7 Conclusion
References

CHAPTER 12 Neuromimetic Integrated Circuits
12.1 Introduction and Application Domain
12.2 Neuron Models for Different Computation Levels of SNNs
 12.2.1 Cell Level
 12.2.2 Network Level
12.3 State of the Art of Hardware-Based SNN
 12.3.1 System Constraints and Computation Distribution
 12.3.2 Existing Solutions
12.4 Criteria for Design Strategies of Neuromimetic ICs
 12.4.1 Specific or Generic Mathematical Operators
 12.4.2 Monosynapses or Multisynapses
 12.4.3 IC Flexibility vs. Network Specifications
 12.4.4 CMOS or BICMOS Technology
 12.4.5 IP-Based Design
12.5 Neuromimetic ICs: Example of a Series of ASICs
 12.5.1 A Subthreshold CMOS ASIC with Fixed Model Parameters
 12.5.2 A BICMOS ASIC with Fixed Model Parameters
 12.5.3 A BICMOS ASIC with Tunable Model Parameters
 12.5.4 A BICMOS ASIC with Tunable Model Parameters and Multisynapses
12.6 Conclusion and Perspectives
References

CHAPTER 13 Circuits for Amperometric Electrochemical Sensors
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Electrochemical Sensors
 13.2.1 Electrochemistry and the Electrode Process
 13.2.2 Electrochemical Cell
 13.2.3 Electrochemical Sensors
 13.2.4 Three-Electrode Measurement System
13.3 Potentiostat
 13.3.1 Potential Control Configurations
 13.3.2 Current Measurement Approaches
13.4 Design Issues in Advanced CMOS Processes
 13.4.1 Generating the Input Drive Voltage
13.5 Electrical Equivalent Circuit Modeling
 13.5.1 Mathematical Circuit Modeling
 13.5.2 Numerical Modeling
13.6 Conclusions
References

CHAPTER 14 ADC Circuits for Biomedical Applications
14.1 Introduction
14.2 A Second-Order ΣΔ Modulator (ΣΔM) with 80 dB SNDR and 83 dB DR Operating Down to 0.9 V
 14.2.1 Introduction
 14.2.2 Second-Order Sigma-Delta Architecture
 14.2.3 Circuit Implementation
 14.2.4 Integrated Prototypes and Measured Results
14.3 A Calibration-Free Low-Power and Low-Area 1.2 V 14-b Resolution and 80 kHz BW Two-Stage Algorithm
 14.3.1 Introduction
 14.3.2 Architecture Description and Timing
 14.3.3 OTA and Comparators
 14.3.4 The Mismatch-Insensitive Multiplying-DAC
 14.3.5 Circuit Implementation and Simulation Results
14.4 Conclusions
References

CHAPTER 15 CMOS Circuit Design for Label-Free Medical Diagnostics
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Label-Free Molecular Detection with Electrochemical Capacitors
 15.2.1 The Ideal-Capacitance Model
 15.2.2 The Constant Phase Element Model
15.3 Electrodes Bio-Functionalization
 15.3.1 DNA Probe Immobilization
 15.3.2 DNA Target Hybridization
 15.3.3 DNA Detection
15.4 Chip Design for Capacitance Measurements
 15.4.1 Charge-Based Capacitance Measurements
 15.4.2 Frequency to Capacitance Measurements Technique
15.5 Biochip Application to DNA
15.6 Discussion on Results: Analysis and Future Perspectives
 15.6.1 Frequency Analysis of Electrical Measurements
 15.6.2 Discussion on Biochemical Issues
15.7 Conclusions and Perspectives
References

CHAPTER 16 Silicon-Based Microfluidic Systems for Nucleic Acid Analysis
16.1 From Tubes to Chips
16.2 Nucleic Acid Extraction
16.3 Nucleic Acid Amplification
16.4 Nucleic Acid Detection
16.5 Discussion
16.6 Conclusion
References

CHAPTER 17 Architectural Optimizations for Digital Microfluidic Biochips
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Challenges
17.3 Testing and Reconfiguration Strategies
 17.3.1 Testing Technique Based on Partitioning the Grid for Multiple Sources and Sinks
 17.3.2 Reconfiguration Techniques for Fault Isolation
17.4 Scheduling

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Tags: Krzysztof Iniewski, VLSI Circuits, Biomedical